Studied by 7 people
What is Adhesion?
An attraction between molecules of different substances
What is Adhesion responsible for?
capillary action
What is capillary action?
Allows water to climb vertically in plants
What is Cohesion?
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
What is Cohesion responsible for?
surface tension
What is Surface Tension?
the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible which allows things to float
What is the relationship of neutral pH to water?
Pure water has a pH of 7 which is neutral
What is the importance of neutral pH in water?
Most structures in the body(except enzymes in the stomach) work best a a neutral pH
How does the scale of pH work?
< 7 = acidic, 7 is neutral, > 7 = basic
What is an organic compound?
compound that contains more than one carbon atom
What can carbon atoms do?
Bond with almost any other atom: backbone of all living things
What are monomers?
small molecules that connect to make big molecules(macromolecules)
What are macromolecules?
one large molecule made out of many monomers
What are the 4 main macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Hydro =
water
synthesis =
making/building
lysis =
breaking
dehydration syntehsis
Water is removed from the reactants and two smaller molecules are bonded together. Water is a product
What is Hydrolysis?
Water is used to break apart larger molecules. Water is a reactant
What are carbohydrates functions?
store short term energy and makes up plant cell walls
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
What are the foods carbohydrates are found in?
Fruits/veggies, bread and pasta
What are carbohydrates?
glucose, lactose, starch
What are lipids?
fats, waxes, oils, steroids, phospholipids
What elements are in carbohydrates?
CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
What are the functions of lipids?
Long term energy, energy storage, insulation, and makes up cell membranes
What are the monomers of lipids?
Triglyceride: 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
What foods are lipids found in?
oils, fats, butter, mcD's grease
What are proteins?
enzymes, antibodies, muscle proteins, hemoglobin
What are the functions of proteins?
Speeds up chemical reactions(enzymes), movement(muscle), transport(hemoglobin), defends against infection(antibodies)
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
What foods are proteins found in?
meat, milk, cheese, eggs, plants
What elements are found in proteins?
CHONS(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur)
What are nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What are the elements in nucleic acids?
CHONP(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)
What are the functions of nucleic acids?
store genetic information and provides directions for protein synthesis
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
What foods are nucleic acids found in?
all foods from living/ recently dead organisms that contains cells
What is a hydrogen bond's function in water?
Connects two water molecules together
What is a covalent bond's function in water?
Connects hydrogen and oxygen together
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a stable internal environment like sweating
What is the role of high heat of vaporization in water?
water absorbs a lot of heat when it evaporates which allows things like sweating to cool you down.
What is the role of water being a solvent?
water can dissolve many substances like sugar and carry them to cells
What is the role of density in water?
Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid which prevents lakes and bodies of water from freezing over.
What is the importance of glucose(monosaccharide)?
broken down to produce ATP
What is the importance of sucrose(disaccharide)?
broken down into monosaccharides to produce energy
What is the importance of starch (polysaccharide)?
long term energy storage
What is the importance of cellulose(polysaccharide)?
structural support in plants
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