Biology Unit 1

What is Adhesion?

An attraction between molecules of different substances

What is Adhesion responsible for?

capillary action

What is capillary action?

Allows water to climb vertically in plants

What is Cohesion?

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

What is Cohesion responsible for?

surface tension

What is Surface Tension?

the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible which allows things to float

What is the relationship of neutral pH to water?

Pure water has a pH of 7 which is neutral

What is the importance of neutral pH in water?

Most structures in the body(except enzymes in the stomach) work best a a neutral pH

How does the scale of pH work?

< 7 \= acidic, 7 is neutral, \> 7 \= basic

What is an organic compound?

compound that contains more than one carbon atom

What can carbon atoms do?

Bond with almost any other atom: backbone of all living things

What are monomers?

small molecules that connect to make big molecules(macromolecules)

What are macromolecules?

one large molecule made out of many monomers

What are the 4 main macromolecules?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Hydro \=

water

synthesis \=

making/building

lysis \=

breaking

dehydration syntehsis

Water is removed from the reactants and two smaller molecules are bonded together. Water is a product

What is Hydrolysis?

Water is used to break apart larger molecules. Water is a reactant

What are carbohydrates functions?

store short term energy and makes up plant cell walls

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

What are the foods carbohydrates are found in?

Fruits/veggies, bread and pasta

What are carbohydrates?

glucose, lactose, starch

What are lipids?

fats, waxes, oils, steroids, phospholipids

What elements are in carbohydrates?

CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)

What are the functions of lipids?

Long term energy, energy storage, insulation, and makes up cell membranes

What are the monomers of lipids?

Triglyceride: 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

What foods are lipids found in?

oils, fats, butter, mcD's grease

What are proteins?

enzymes, antibodies, muscle proteins, hemoglobin

What are the functions of proteins?

Speeds up chemical reactions(enzymes), movement(muscle), transport(hemoglobin), defends against infection(antibodies)

What are the monomers of proteins?

amino acids

What foods are proteins found in?

meat, milk, cheese, eggs, plants

What elements are found in proteins?

CHONS(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur)

What are nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA

What are the elements in nucleic acids?

CHONP(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

store genetic information and provides directions for protein synthesis

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

nucleotides

What foods are nucleic acids found in?

all foods from living/ recently dead organisms that contains cells

What is a hydrogen bond's function in water?

Connects two water molecules together

What is a covalent bond's function in water?

Connects hydrogen and oxygen together

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining a stable internal environment like sweating

What is the role of high heat of vaporization in water?

water absorbs a lot of heat when it evaporates which allows things like sweating to cool you down.

What is the role of water being a solvent?

water can dissolve many substances like sugar and carry them to cells

What is the role of density in water?

Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid which prevents lakes and bodies of water from freezing over.

What is the importance of glucose(monosaccharide)?

broken down to produce ATP

What is the importance of sucrose(disaccharide)?

broken down into monosaccharides to produce energy

What is the importance of starch (polysaccharide)?

long term energy storage

What is the importance of cellulose(polysaccharide)?

structural support in plants