ANATOMY LECTURE EXAM 3

What are the veins in the forearm?

-Cephalic vein

-Basilic vein

Cephalic vein

-Located at the lateral boarder of the arm

-Joins with the terminal part of the axillary veins

-Empties into the axillary vein

Basilic vein

-Located on the medial side of the arm

-Merges with the brachial vein to form the axillary vein

What is the most common type of humerus fracture?

Surgical neck fractures

What are the nerves that innervate the Pectoralis major?

-Lateral pectoral nerve

-Medial pectoral nerve

What is the insertion of Pectoralis major?

Lateral lip of the bicipital groove

What is the action of the Pectoralis major?

Adduction and medial rotation of the arm

What is the origin of the Pectoralis major?

-Clavicular head

-Sternocostal head

What is the origin of the Serratus anterior?

Anterior surface of the medial border of scapula

What is the insertion of the Serratus anterior?

Ribs 1-8

What is the innervation of the Serratus anterior?

Long thoracic nerve

What is the action of the Serratus anterior?

Protracts and rotates scapula 

Which muscles are responsible for retracting the Scapula?

-Trapezius

-Rhomboid major

What nerve innervates the Latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal nerve

What nerve innervates the deltoid?

Axillary nerve (delt)

Where is the insertion of the deltoid?

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

What is the origin of the deltoid?

-Lateral 1/3 of clavicle

-Acromion

-Spine of scapula

What is the action of the anterior part of the deltoid?

Flexes the arm

What is the action of the posterior part of the deltoid?

Extends the arm

What is the action of the middle part of the deltoid?

Abducts the arm

What is a "Shoulder Separation" also known as?

Acromioclavicular Separation

What are the four rotator cuff muscles?

-Supraspinatus

-Infraspinatus

-Teres minor

-Subscapularis

What is the action of the Supraspinatus muscle?

Initiates abduction of the arm (suprascap)

What nerve innervates the Supraspinatus Muscle?

Suprascapular nerve

What is the action of the Infraspinatus muscle?

Initiates abduction of the arm (infra)

What nerve innervates the Infraspinatus Muscle?

Suprascapular nerve (infra)

What is the action of the Subscapularis muscle?

Medially rotates the arm

What nerves innervate the Subscapularis muscle?

Upper and lower subscapular nerve

What is the action of the Teres Minor muscle?

Laterally rotates the arm

What nerve innervates the Teres Minor muscle?

Axillary nerve (TM)

What are the walls of the Axilla divided into?

-Anterior wall

-Posterior wall

-Medial wall

What are the muscles that comprise the anterior wall of Axilla?

-Pectoralis major

-Pectoralis minor

What is the inferiormost part of the anterior Axilla?

Anterior Axillary fold

What is the muscle that comprises the posterior wall of Axilla?

Latissimus dorsi

What is the inferiormost part of the posterior Axilla?

Posterior Axillary fold (Latissimus Doris and Teres Major)

What is the muscle that comprises the medial wall of Axilla?

Serratus anterior muscle

Where is the 1st part of the axillary artery located?

Between the 1st rib and medial boarder of pectoralis minor

What does the 1st part of the axillary artery contain?

Superior thoracic artery

Where is the 2nd part of the axillary artery located?

Posterior to pectoralis minor

What artery does the 2nd part of the axillary artery contain?

Thoraco-acromial artery

Where is the 3rd part of the axillary artery located?

Lateral border of pectoralis minor to inferior border of teres major.

What artery does the 3rd part of the axillary artery contain?

Subscapsular artery

Profunda brachii artery travels around the back of the humerus with __________, along the spiral groove.

Radial nerve

What are the structures located in the antecubital fossa? (Lateral → Medial)

Biceps Brachii Tendon, Brachial Artery, Median Nerve

What are the contents found in the quadrangular Axillary space?

-Axillary nerve

-Posterior circumflex humeral artery

What are the contents found in the triangular Axillary space?

Circumflex scapular artery

What are the contents found in the triangular interval?

-Radial nerve

-Profunda brachii artery

What nerves innervate the Biceps?

Musculocutaneous nerve

What is the insertion of the Biceps?

Radial tuberosity

What are the actions of the Biceps?

-Supinates forearm

-Flexes elbow

What is the origin of the short head of the Biceps Brachii?

Coracoid

What is the origin of the long head of the Biceps Brachii?

Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

What is Nursemaid's elbow?

Subluxation or dislocation of the radial head from traction to the arm

What is the treatment of Nursemaid's elbow?

Closed reduction

In the forearm, most of the muscles are innervated by the median nerve. What are the two exceptions?

-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCP)

-Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)

The FCU and FDP are innervated by which nerve?

Ulnar nerve

What muscles make up the floor of the snuff box?

Scaphoid muscle

Trapezium muscle

What artery crosses by the snuff box?

Radial artery

Which nerve innervates the upper arm, on the lateral (thumb) side?

C5

Which nerve innervates the medial (pinky) side of the upper arm?

T1

Which nerve innervates the full thumb and lateral pointer finger?

C6

Which nerve innervates the medial pointer finger, full middle finger and the lateral part of the ring finger?

C7

Which nerve/spinal innervates the medial ring finger and full pinky finger?

C8

If you were to fall on an outstretched hand, what would you fracture?

Distal radius aka Colles fracture

What does a Colles fracture result in?

Dinner fork deformity

What is Carpal Tunnel?

Results from any lesion that reduces the size of the carpal tunnel (fluid retention, infection or inflammatory causes).

What nerve is compressed during Carpal Tunnel?

Median nerve

What structures are affected during Carpal Tunnel?

Lateral 3.5 digits, phalens and tinels

What nerve innervates the Gastrocnemius muscle?

Tibial nerve

What is the action of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

Plantar flexes foot (fast twitch)

What is the insertion of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

Achilles tendon on calcaneus

What is the origin of the Peroneus Longus Muscle?

Head and superior 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula

What is the insertion of the Peroneus Longus Muscle?

Base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

What is the action of the Peroneus Longus Muscle?

Everts the foot and weakly plantar flexes the ankle (PL)

What is the innervation of the Peroneus Longus Muscle?

Superficial Peroneal Nerve (PL)

What is the origin of the Peroneus Brevis Muscle?

Inferior 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula

What is the insertion of the Peroneus Brevis Muscle?

Base of 5th metatarsals

What is the action of the Peroneus Brevis Muscle?

Everts the foot and weakly plantar flexes the ankle (PB)

What is the innervation of the Peroneus Brevis Muscle?

Superficial Peroneal Nerve (PB)

What are the ligaments found in the ankle that commonly get injured during an ankle sprain?

-Anterior talofibular ligament (ATL)

-Posterior talofibular ligament (PTL)

-Calcaneofibular ligament (CL)

What are the most important structures in maintaining the arch in the foot?

-Plantar aponeurosis

-Long plantar ligament

-Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament

-Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

What structures are found in the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the foot?

-Calcaneus

-Talus

-Navicular

-3 cuneiforms

-3 metatarsals

What maintains the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the foot?

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

What structures are found in the Lateral Longitudinal Arch of the foot?

-Calcaneus

-Cuboid

-Lateral 2 metatarsals

What maintains the Transverse Arch of the foot?

Peroneus longus and tibialis posterior

If a patient presents with heel pain, what is most likely the cause?

Plantar faciitis

What X-ray finding may you see in a patient with Plantar Faciitis

Calcaneal spur

What nerve innervates the medial part of the foot?

Saphenous nerve

What nerve innervates the dorsum of the foot?

Superficial peroneal nerve

What nerve innervates the 1st web space of the foot?

Deep peroneal nerve

Which nerves innervate the sole of the foot?

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

What nerve innervates the lateral part of the foot? (ankle)

Sural nerve

What nerve innervates the posterior/heel of the foot?

Calcaneal branches from the tibial and sural nerves

Which nerve is responsible for dorsiflexing the ankle?

L4

Which nerve is responsible for dorsiflexing the big toe?

L5

Which nerve is responsible for plantar flexing the toes and ankles?

S1

Which nerves innervate the iliopsoas?

L1-L3

What is the insertion of the iliopsoas?

Lesser trochanter

What is the origin of the iliopsoas?

T12-L5 (Lateral surface of the vertebral bodies)

What is the action of the iliopsoas?

Flexes hip (chief hip flexor)