Post-Civil War and Industrialization

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on post-Civil War America and the age of industrialization.

What was the main question after the Civil War regarding the treatment of southerners?

Whether to punish or pardon all southerners.

Why were industrialists during the age of big business referred to as 'captains of industry'?

They increased the supply of goods and created many jobs.

What was the territory gained by the U.S. after the Mexican American War?

Mexican Cession.

Who was the president that initiated the Mexican American War?

James K. Polk.

What was the belief that it was America's destiny to expand across the continent?

Manifest destiny.

What theory discouraged government interference in economic matters?

Social Darwinism.

Which group's tensions with American settlers led to the Texas Revolution?

Tejanos.

What was the state of the South after the Civil War?

Almost completely destroyed.

Who became President of the United States after Lincoln's assassination?

Andrew Johnson.

Who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln?

John Wilkes Booth.

What problem arose with California's admission to the Union?

It threw off the balance between free and slave states.

What did Andrew Carnegie argue regarding wealthy industrialists' success?

It helped the entire nation.

Who established the Standard Oil Company?

John D. Rockefeller.

What factors contributed to American industrial growth?

Technological advances.

What were the people who rushed to California during the Gold Rush called?

49ers.

What did Radical Republicans think of Lincoln's reconstruction plan?

They thought it was too lenient.

What was the most popular trail for settlers traveling west?

Oregon Trail.

What process was used in steel production?

The Bessemer process.

Who established the American Telephone and Telegraph Company?

Alexander Graham Bell.

What was one of Thomas Edison's major accomplishments?

Helping make electricity more widely available.

What was destroyed as a result of the war?

9,000 miles of southern railroads, 2/3 of the South’s shipping industry, 1/3 of all livestock, factories, ports, and cities.

What three groups made up the South?

Black Southerners, Poor White Southerners, Plantation owners.

What did the transcontinental railroad connect?

The East Coast to the West Coast.

Why did the Spanish government want settlers to come to Mexico?

Due to problems with Native Americans.

What did Lincoln want to offer to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance to the U.S.?

A pardon.

Who developed a code for the telegraph?

Samuel F. B. Morse.

What was the North's casualty count in the Civil War?

More than 364,000 soldiers.

What treaty ended the Mexican American War?

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

What term did critics use to refer to powerful industrialists?

Robber barons.

Which group settled in Utah seeking religious freedom?

Mormons.

What plan did General Sherman propose for freed slaves?

To give them each forty acres and a mule.