Academic Earth/Space Science : Chapter 13 - Earth's History

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Last updated 4:10 PM on 5/4/23
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32 Terms

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Age of Earth
4\.54 billion years old
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Largest time span of Earth’s history
Precambrian
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Shields
areas of Precambrian rock exposed at Earth’s surface
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Gasses of Earth’s early atmosphere
Water vapor, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
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How did these early gasses form?
Volcanic eruptions
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Significance of “Red Beds”
They showed when free oxygen was available because the rocks rusted
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When did the **first** fossils form?
3\.5 billion years ago
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Stromatolites
Most common Precambrian fossils, the houses that were built by cyanobacteria
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Order of the Eras
Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
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Length of the Paleozoic Era
292 million years
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How many million years ago did abundant fossil information become available?
540 million years ago, after the Cambrian life explosion
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Which continents make up Gondwana?
South America, Africa, Australia, and India
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Which continents make up Laurasia?
North America, Europe, parts of Asia, and Siberia
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When did Pangaea form?
End of the Paleozoic
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Where was most life found during the Paleozoic?
In oceans or along coastlines
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When did coal swamps form?
Carboniferous
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When did the “Age of Fishes” occur?
Devonian
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How did “hard parts” help animals survive and evolve?
They protected animals from predators and waves, giving them a longer life span and allowing them to reproduce.
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What is meant by the “Cambrian explosion” of life
many new organisms evolved rapidly in a relatively short time span, and when most major animal groups appear in the fossil record.
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When did Pangaea begin to break apart?
During the Mesozoic
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What was the noteworthy tectonic event tool that took place 200 million years ago?
Pangaea began to break up
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Which “group” do dinosaurs technically belong to?
They are considered reptiles
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Which animals were the first to inhabit the land?
Reptiles
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Which animal linked birds to dinosaurs?
Archaeopteryx
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What caused the extinction of dinosaurs?
Large meteorite colliding with Earth
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What period are we part of?
Quaternary
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What causes mountain building?
Collision of two landmasses by plate movement
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Which mountains formed during the Cenozoic?
Himalayas, Alps, and the Rockies
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Why are Milankovitch cycles considered the cause of Ice Ages?
The ways the Earth spins causes periods of warming and cooling
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Mammals
warm-blooded, insulating body hair, adaptations to survive in cold regions
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Reptiles
cold-blooded, no insulating body hair, no adaptations to survive in cold temperatures
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When did Mammals become the dominant land animals?
After the extinction of dinosaurs

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