6 and 7. Plant nutrition and transportation in plants

Photosynthesis

Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars

Chlorophyll

Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

Air spaces in leaves

increase surface area for gas exchange

Xylem

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

Phloem

Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

upper and lower epidermis

protects internal tissues from water loss; gives leaf shape

Cuticle (waxy layer)

prevents water loss

spongy mesophyll

loosely packed, irregularly shaped cells with spaces around them for gas exchange

Guard cells

control the opening and closing of stomata

Stomata

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

root cortex cells

Where water enters stem from

vascular bundle

plant stem structure that contains xylem and phloem tissue

Transpiration

loss of water from a plant through its leaves

Potometer

a device used for measuring the rate of water uptake of a plant due to photosynthesis and transpiration.