Phonology cont.

Phonemes

________: smallest unit of sound that can be used to distinguish words.

Free variation

________- two+ segments are phonetically similar and can be substituted for each other in a word without changing the meaning of the word.

explainable patterns

Phonetically natural- the different environments of sounds follow some sort of regular or phonetically ________.

Non contrast

________: phonological analysis can determine when one phoneme has multiple pronunciations (allophones) but no minimal pairs.

Complementary distribution

________- must occur in complementary, non- overlapping environments.

Contrastive distribution

________: when two sounds occur in identical environments and change the meaning of words.

Minimal pair

________: pair of words that differ by only one segment and mean dif things.

phoneme

Each ________ has a number of possible pronunciations based on the phonetic context.

Phonemes

smallest unit of sound that can be used to distinguish words

Phonological Analysis

Contrast

contrastive distribution

when two sounds occur in identical environments and change the meaning of words

minimal pair

pair of words that differ by only one segment and mean dif things

sub-minimal pairs

two sounds seem to contrast but you cant find any minimal pairs to prove it

non-contrast

phonological analysis can determine when one phoneme has multiple pronunciations (allophones) but no minimal pairs

phonetically similar

differ from one another in only one or two low-level phonetic properties

ex

aspiration, velarization, nasalization

complementary distribution

must occur in complementary, non-overlapping environments

phonetically natural

the different environments of sounds follow some sort of regular or phonetically explainable patterns

free variation

two+ segments are phonetically similar and can be substituted for each other in a word without changing the meaning of the word