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How many councillors did Mary appoint over her reign?
50
How large was Mary's working council?
9
Who was Mary's Lord Chancellor?
Stephen Gardiner
Which 4 figures dominated Mary's working council?
Pole, Gardiner, Paget and Winchester
Who was the Spanish ambassador?
Simon Renard
What issue did Mary not consult her council on?
Marriage to Phillip
Who was Mary's husband?
Phillip II of Spain
How many MP's opposed the repeal of Edward's religious laws?
80
What did Mary do in her first parliament? (religious)
Repeal Edward's religious laws
When was Mary's first Parliament?
October 1553
When did Cardinal Pole arrive in England?
1554
When was Papal Supremacy restored?
November 1554
How many heretics did Mary burn?
289
When was Foxe's Book of Martyrs published?
1563
When did Mary marry Philip?
July 1554
When did Pope Paul IV become Pope and why was this a problem?
May 1555, he was anti-Spanish
How many new ships were built?
6
How much money was given to the navy?
£14,000
Why was the alliance between France and the Papacy a problem for Mary?
She was married to Philip but supported the Pope
Why was Mary forced to declare war on France?
Supported Stafford's invasion and protected protestants
How many troops did Mary provide for the war against France?
7000
When did England declare war on France?
June 1557
When was Calais recaptured by the French?
January 1558
Who was Gardiner's choice for Mary's husband?
Edward Courtenay
When did Parliament agree the terms for Mary's marriage to Phillip?
April 1554
When did Mary name Elizabeth as her successor?
6th November 1558
When did Mary die?
17th November 1558
When was Wyatt's Rebellion?
25th January-12th February 1554
When was Mary's speech at Guildhall?
1st February 1554
When and where were the rebels stopped during Wyatt's Rebellion?
7th February 1554 at Ludgate
When did Wyatt surrender and when was he executed?
12th February and 11th April 1554
How many people were involved in Wyatt's Rebellion?
3000
How many were executed after Wyatt's Rebellion?
90
What were the causes of Wyatt's Rebellion?
Marriage, gentry losing office, decline of cloth industry, religion
What was the planned result for Wyatt's Rebellion?
Courtenay would marry Elizabeth
When were the heresy laws restored?
December 1554
Why was land an issue?
The Pope wanted all Church land returned but MPs wanted to keep it
How did Mary and Pole solve the land issue?
Said the land was with Catholics so was owned within the Church
Why did Mary lose the War of the Words?
Printers were generally protestant
On what date was mass heard in London and why was this significant?
23rd August 1553, before Mary came to the throne and in the most protestant area of the country
What was restored before Mary came to the throne and where?
Altars at Melton Mowbray
How many protestants fled abroad?
800
When was Bishop Bonner's Book of Homilies published?
1555
When was Cranmer burned at the stake?
March 1556
When was Pole removed as Papal legate?
March 1556
Why was Pole recalled to Rome?
To answer heresy charges
Which figure was executed following Wyatt's Rebellion?
Lady Jane Grey
What happened to Elizabeth following Wyatt's Rebellion?
Imprisoned in the Tower of London
How many were executed during Henry VIII's reformation?
308
What revolutionised finance?
New Book of Rates
How much did Mary gain from Crown Lands a year?
£14,000
How much debt was England in by the end of Mary's reign?
£300,000
In what years were there bad harvests?
1555 and 1556
What percentage of the population were killed in an influenza epidemic?
10%
When was the Second Act of Repeal passed?
January 1555
What bill did parliament defeat in 1555?
Seizure of protestants property
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Flashcard (44)