Research Design Principles in Natural & Social Sciences

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to research design principles in both natural and social sciences, based on the lecture notes.

Explanatory Variable

A variable expected to be a cause; its value does not depend on any other variable.

Response Variable

A variable expected to be an effect; its value depends on the explanatory variable.

Population

All elements/members with a common characteristic relevant to the study.

Sample

A subset of members of the population, typically randomly selected.

Quantitative Research

Research based on the quantification of data and often involves statistical analysis.

Qualitative Research

Research that seeks to understand human behavior through non-numerical data.

Confidence Interval

A range of values within which a population parameter is likely to lie.

Sampling Design

The strategy for selecting samples from the population.

Explorative Research

Research aimed at exploring unknown variables in a population without testing causal relationships.

Causal Research

Research that seeks to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.