Studied by 1 person
Type A
IAIA or IAi
Type B
IBIB or IBi
Type AB
IAIB
Type O
ii
Chi Square
(o-e) 2/ e ; p value >/< than chi square value determines if you accept or reject the null hypothesis
null hypothesis
states the difference between the observed results and the expected data; you reject or accept it based on the outcome of the chi square; the data found fits/does not fit the expected; if p value is larger than chi square its accepted if smaller its rejected; any deviation from expected values is due to random chance
mRNA
messenger RNA- carries copies of instructions for polypeptide synthesis from the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
rRNA
ribosomal RNA- forms an important part of both subunits of the ribosomes, the cell structures where proteins are assembled
tRNA
transfer RNA- carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message
central dogma of molecular biology
DNA(transferred)→ RNA (transcription)→ protein (translation)
RNA polymerase
binds to DNA during transcription and separates the DNA strands, then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which to assemble nucleotides into a complementary strand of RNA; binds only to promoters
promoters
regions of DNA that have specific base sequences
transcription
the process of using DNA to produce complementary RNA molecules
the sequence of ____ in mRNA complements the sequence in the DNA template
bases
in eukaryote, RNA is formed in the (blank) and then travels to the (blank)
nucleus, cytoplasm
introns
portions of RNA that are cut out and discarded; noncoding sequence
extrons
spliced together to make the final mRNA; coding region of a gene
anticodon
group of three nucleotide bases in the tRNA that is complementary to one codon
codon
group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specifies an amino acid
gene expression
the way genetic information is put into action
genetic code
language made up of letters that stand for the nucleotide bases in RNA and DNA
polypeptide
long chains of amino acids that make up proteins
translation
process of decoding mRNA in order to make a protein
