Bio Quiz: RNA, Chi Square, Blood Type

Type A

Type A

IAIA or IAi

Type B

IBIB or IBi

Type AB

IAIB

Type O

ii

Chi Square

(o-e) 2/ e ; p value >/< than chi square value determines if you accept or reject the null hypothesis

null hypothesis

states the difference between the observed results and the expected data; you reject or accept it based on the outcome of the chi square; the data found fits/does not fit the expected; if p value is larger than chi square its accepted if smaller its rejected; any deviation from expected values is due to random chance

mRNA

messenger RNA- carries copies of instructions for polypeptide synthesis from the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm

rRNA

ribosomal RNA- forms an important part of both subunits of the ribosomes, the cell structures where proteins are assembled

tRNA

transfer RNA- carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message

central dogma of molecular biology

DNA(transferred)→ RNA (transcription)→ protein (translation)

RNA polymerase

binds to DNA during transcription and separates the DNA strands, then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which to assemble nucleotides into a complementary strand of RNA; binds only to promoters

promoters

regions of DNA that have specific base sequences

transcription

the process of using DNA to produce complementary RNA molecules

the sequence of ____ in mRNA complements the sequence in the DNA template

bases

in eukaryote, RNA is formed in the (blank) and then travels to the (blank)

nucleus, cytoplasm

introns

portions of RNA that are cut out and discarded; noncoding sequence

extrons

spliced together to make the final mRNA; coding region of a gene

anticodon

group of three nucleotide bases in the tRNA that is complementary to one codon

codon

group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specifies an amino acid

gene expression

the way genetic information is put into action

genetic code

language made up of letters that stand for the nucleotide bases in RNA and DNA

polypeptide

long chains of amino acids that make up proteins

translation

process of decoding mRNA in order to make a protein