PMLS - Medical Technology Education

Commission on Higher Education

Government agency under the Office of the President of the Philippines that covers institutions of higher education, both public and private.

Organize and appoint members of the technical panel for each discipline/program area.

Technical Committee for Medical Technology Education

Assists CHED in setting standards and evaluating institutions offering Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science program

BS Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science

● Four-year program under allied health professions

● General education and professional courses for the first three years

● Internship training in CHED-accredited training laboratories for the fourth year

CHED Memorandum Order No. 13 series of 2017

● a.k.a. “Policies, Standards, and Guidelines for the Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science programˮ

● Contains the goals, program outcomes, performance indicators, and the minimum course offerings of the program

● Also contains the prescribed minimum number of units per course and whether each course has a laboratory or lecture component

1 hour of class meeting weekly

1 unit of lecture =

3 hours of class meeting weekly

1 unit of laboratory =

Prerequisites

courses that a student needs to take in order to move on to more advanced courses in the curriculum

GENERAL EDUCATION COURSES

These courses aim to develop fundamental knowledge, skills, values, and habits in order for students to have a deeper sense of self and acceptance of others.

1. Understanding the Self

2. Readings in Philippine History

3. The Contemporary World

4. Mathematics in the Modern World

5. Purposive Communication

6. The Life and Works of Rizal

7. Science, Technology and Society

8. Art Appreciation

9. Ethics

Included courses in the new CMO (9)

PROFESSIONAL COURSES

These courses aim to develop the knowledge, technical competence, professional attitude, and values necessary to practice and meet the demands of the profession.

Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1: Introduction to Medical Labroatory Science, Laboratory Safety, and Waste Management

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Focuses on the curriculum, practice of the profession, continuing professional education, biosafety practices, and waste management

Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2: Clinical Laboratory Assistance and Phlebotomy

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Clinical Laboratory Assistance - concepts and principles of the different assays in the clinical laboratory

● Phlebotomy - concepts, principles, and procedures in blood collection, transport, and processing.

Community and Public Health for MT/MLS

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Human ecology, demography, epidemiology

● Focuses on promotion of community, public, and environmental health

● Immersion and interaction with the community

Cytogenetics

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Concepts and principles of heredity and inheritance

● Genetic phenomena, sex determination, genetic defects

● Chromosomal and nucleic acid genetic disorders

Human Histology

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Study of the fundamentals of cells, tissues, and organs

● Microscopic identification and differentiation of cells and tissues

Histopathologic Techniques with Cytology

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Basic concepts and principles of disease process

● Histopathologic techniques for the preparation of tissue samples for macro/microscopic diagnostic examinations

● Some tests done in the school lab:

○ Tissue processing

○ Cutting of processed tissues

○ Staining

○ Mounting of stained tissue

Clinical Bacteriology

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Study of the physiology and morphology of bacteria and their role in infection and immunity

● Some procedures done in the school lab:

○ Preparation of culture media

○ Specimen collection

○ Preparation and staining of bacterial smear

○ Inoculation of specimen on culture media

○ Characterization of colonies of bacteria

○ Biochemical tests

○ Antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Clinical Parasitology

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Study of animal parasites and their medical significance in humans

● Some procedures done in the school lab:

○ Microscopic and diagnostic identification of parasites affecting humans (e.g. nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, etc)

○ Methods of preparing smear for microscopic examination (e.g. direct fecal smear, Kato-katz, etc)

Immunology and Serology

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE
● Study of antigen and antibody reactions in vitro.

● Study of the bodyʼs immune mechanisms and the clinical testing methods used to evaluate the immune system.

Immunohematology and Blood Bank

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Concepts of inheritance, characterization, and laboratory identification of red cell antigens and their antibodies.

● Application in transfusion medicine

● Some procedures done in the school lab:

○ ABO and RH typing

○ Coombs test

○ Blood donation process

○ Compatibility testing

○ Transfusion reaction workup

○ Preparation of RBC suspension

Mycology and Virology

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Study of fungi and viruses and their medical significance on humans

Laboratory Management

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling as applied in a clinical laboratory setting.

● Tackles activities needed to maintain a clinical laboratory.

Medical Technology Laws and Bioethics

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Laws, administrative orders and other legal documents related to the Philippine practice of MT/MLS

● Bioethics - study of ethics as applied to health and healthcare delivery

Hematology 1

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Study of the concepts of blood as a tissue

● Some procedures done in the school lab:

○ Complete blood count

○ Hematocrit test

○ Platelet count

○ Blood smear and staining

○ Red cell morphology

○ Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

○ RBC indices

○ Reticulocyte count

Hematology 2

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Study of the concepts of hemostasis and RBC, WBC, and platelet abnormalities.

● Some procedures done in the school lab:

○ Identification of abnormal RBC and WBC

○ Special staining techniques

○ Coagulation factor test

Clinical Microscopy

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Analysis of urine and other body fluids

● Some procedures done in the school lab:

○ Routine urinalysis

○ Special chemical examination of urine

○ Examination of other body fluids

○ Pregnancy tests

○ Chemical examination of stool specimens

Clinical Chemistry 1

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Concepts and principles of physiologically active soluble substances and waste materials present in body fluids and their clinical correlation with pathologic conditions

● Some procedures done in the school lab:

○ Instrumentation

○ Quality assurance and control

○ Glucose determination

○ Lipid testing

○ Renal function tests

○ Protein testing

Clinical Chemistry 2

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Continuation of CC1

● Study of endocrine glands and hormones

● Therapeutic drug monitoring, analysis of drugs and substances of abuse

● Some procedures done in the school lab:

○ Bilirubin tests

○ Clinical enzymology

○ Electrolyte testing

○ Hormone testing

○ Drug tests

Seminars 1 and 2

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Taken during fourth year together with the internship training

● Current laboratory analyses used in the practice of MT/MLS

Molecular Biology and Diagnostics

WHICH PROFESSIONAL COURSE

● Nucleic acid and protein molecule interaction within the cell

● DNA replication, repair, transcription, translation, protein synthesis, and gene regulation

Research 1: Introduction to Laboratory Science Research

WHICH RESEARCH COURSE

● Basic concepts and principles of research as applied in MT/MLS

● Ethical principles

● Research proposal

Research 2: Research Paper Writing and Presentation

WHICH RESEARCH COURSE

● Methodology of the research

● Writing of the research paper

● Presentation of the finished and completed research in a formal forum

CLINICAL INTERNSHIP TRAINING

● Taken during fourth year

● Students are assigned to CHED-accredited clinical laboratories on a six-month or one-year rotation

● 32 hours of duty per week, a total of 1664 hours in one year.

300 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

Clinical Chemistry

200 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

Clinical Microscopy and Parasitology

250 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

Microbiology

300 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

Hematology

200 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

Blood Banking

100 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

Histopathologic Techniques and Cytology

220 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

Immunology and Serology

40 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

Laboratory Management

54 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

Phlebotomy

1664 hours

HOW MANY HOURS

TOTAL

March and August

LICENSURE EXAMINATION

● Given twice a year during when?

Professional Regulation Commission

● Government agency under the Office of the President

● Administer licensure examinations to different professionals

Professional Regulatory Board for MT/MLS

● Under the PRC

● Prepare the written licensure examinations for BS MT/MLS graduates

● Composed of:

○ 1 chairperson - licensed pathologist

○ 2 members - registered medical technologists

Clinical Chemistry 20%

Microbiology and Parasitology 20%

Hematology 20%

Blood Banking and Immunology and Serology 20%

Clinical Microscopy 10%

Histopathologic Techniques and MT Laws and Bioethics and Laboratory Management 10%

Courses included in the licensure examination

● Receive a GWA of 75%

● Have no rating less than 50% in any major courses, and

● Pass in at least 60% of the courses computed according to their relative weights

To pass the exam, an examinee must:

Minimum age requirement

● If the passer is 21 years old and above

○ Will be issued a certificate of registration and PRC license

● If the passer is younger than 21 years old

○ Will be issued a COR and PRC license after the 21st birthday

refresher course

If an examinee failed the MTLE three times, he or she needs to enroll in a _____________ before retaking the exam

medical laboratory technician

If an examinee failed but garnered a GWA of 70%-74%, he or she may apply for certification as a

Cognitive domain

WHICH DOMAIN OF LEARNING

○ Knowledge, comprehension, and critical thinking of a particular concept

Affective domain

WHICH DOMAIN OF LEARNING

○ Target the awareness and growth in attitudes, emotions, and feelings

Psychomotor domain

WHICH DOMAIN OF LEARNING

○ The ability to physically manipulate a tool or instrument

1. Demonstrate knowledge and technical skills needed to correctly perform laboratory testing and ensure reliability of test results

2. Be endowed with the professional attitude and values enabling them to work with their colleagues and other members of the healthcare delivery system

3. Demonstrate critical thinking and problem solving skills when confronted with situation, problems, and conflicts in the practice of their profession.

4. Actively participate in self-directed life-long learning activities to be updated with the current trends in the profession

5. Actively participate in research and community-oriented activities

6. Be endowed with leadership skills

7. Demonstrate collaboration, teamwork, integrity, and respect when working in a multicultural environment

PROGRAM OUTCOME OF BS MT/MLS DEGREE

1. It provides feedback on the progress of students toward the achievement of learning outcomes

2. It identifies the flaws in the psychomotor skills and deficiencies in the theoretical knowledge and conceptual skills of the student

3. It serves as a diagnostic tool to determine the capabilities of a student

4. It serves as a motivation to further improve a studentʼs skill set in a particular area

5. It provides information on studentʼs response to a particular learning strategy

6. It provides information to the teacher if there is need to improve teaching and learning strategies

7. It determines the demonstrable changes in the attitude and behavior of students

8. It determines whether learning has taken place

FUNCTIONS OF ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES

Formative assessment

WHICH TYPE OF ASSESSMENT

● Done during and/or within the instructional process

● Determine whether a student is achieving the outcomes of the topic being discussed

● e.g. post-test, reflection papers, etc.

Summative assessment

WHICH TYPE OF ASSESSMENT

● Done at the end of instruction, grading period/term, or comprehensive examination.

● e.g. unit exam, end-of-term exams, final projects, research papers

Diagnostic assessment

WHICH TYPE OF ASSESSMENT

● Given prior to instruction

● Used to gauge what students already know and do not know about the topic at hand

● e.g. diagnostic exam, pre-test, etc.

Teacher-made written tests

WHICH ASSESSMENT TOOL

quizzes, long exams, term exams, and comprehensive exams

Reflection papers

WHICH ASSESSMENT TOOL

involves tackling the connection and relationship between theory and practice

Portfolios

WHICH ASSESSMENT TOOL

collection of outputs that show their progress

Performance tasks

WHICH ASSESSMENT TOOL

usually done in the laboratory to assess psychomotor skills (e.g. move exam, return demo)

Oral examinations and presentation

WHICH ASSESSMENT TOOL

students discuss a certain topic to an audience (e.g. reporting)

Rubrics

WHICH ASSESSMENT TOOL

evaluation of the work of students based on a particular criteria

1. Medical technologist in a clinical laboratory

2. Histotechnologist in an anatomical laboratory

3. Researcher/research scientist

4. Member of the academe

5. Perfusionist

6. Molecular scientist

7. Diagnostic product specialist

8. Public health practitioner

9. Healthcare leader

JOB OPPORTUNITIES (9)

Histotechnologist

WHICH JOB OPPORTUNITY

○ “Tissue processorˮ

○ Routinely prepare, process, and stain biopsies and tissue specimens

○ May initiate or develop new procedures, evaluate quality-control data, or operate an electron microscopy

Researcher/research scientist

WHICH JOB OPPORTUNITY

○ Responsible for undertaking and analyzing information from controlled laboratory-based investigations

○ Involved in theoretical studies about phenomena and life processed

Member of the academe

WHICH JOB OPPORTUNITY

○ Mentor students on the protocols in clinical settings during clinical laboratory practicum of the students

Perfusionist

WHICH JOB OPPORTUNITY

○ A certified personnel responsible for ensuring that blood circulation and oxygenation are maintained during open heart surgeries

Molecular scientist

WHICH JOB OPPORTUNITY

○ Perform and interpret molecular/genetic diagnostic testing at the clinical, research, biotechnology, and forensic levels

Diagnostic product specialist

WHICH JOB OPPORTUNITY

○ Focused on the promotion, support, and technical aspects of diagnostic products or devices, such as testing equipment, laboratory instruments, or diagnostic software

Public health practitioner

WHICH JOB OPPORTUNITY

○ Focused on promoting and protecting the health of populations through education, policy development, research, and the implementation of health initiatives

Healthcare leader

WHICH JOB OPPORTUNITY

○ Responsible for overseeing the operational, financial, and strategic aspects of healthcare organizations

1. Molecular Biology

2. Public Health and Epidemiology

3. Veterinary Laboratory Science

4. Food and Industrial Microbiology

5. Forensic Science

6. Nuclear Medicine/Science

7. Health Facility Administration and Management

8. Quality Management

FIELDS OF WORK (8)

BIOTECHNOLOGY

● Practical application of technology to biological research with the integration of molecular genetics.

● Rooted in the principles of natural science, engineering, and computer technology

● For developing diagnostic tools for heritable diseases

● For production of therapeutics (e.g. vaccines, antibiotics)

● For the manufacture of hormones, such as human growth hormone (for cases of dwarfism) and erythropoietin (for treatment of anemia)

APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH/MEDICINE

NANOTECHNOLOGY

● Applies the principles of physics and chemistry in developing new materials with dimensions on a nanoscale

○ 1 nanometer = one-billionth of a meter (0.000000001 meters)

APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH/MEDICINE

● Nanoparticles can be engineered to bind to specific biomarkers for early detection of diseases, such as cancer or infectious diseases

● Nanomaterials can enhance imaging techniques (e.g., MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound)

● Miniaturized diagnostic tools using nanotechnology can detect multiple diseases from a single sample (e.g., blood or saliva) in a quick, cost-effective manner

● Medical technologists should be able to adopt these technological advancements

○ Clinical laboratories have already begun utilizing nanoscale-fabricated reagents

○ In the foreseeable future, nanobiotechnology assays may replace conventional methods in clinical laboratories