Comprehensive Review of Oral Biology and Pathophysiology for Clinical Lectures

leukedema features, risk factors, and tx

features = increased glycogen

risk = dark skinned races and smokers

tx = none

leukoplakia cause, presentation, risk factors

cause = excess keratinization of epithelium

presentation = white plaques

risk = 50+ males, tobacco use

leukoplakia significance

PRECANCER

dysplasia indicates

precancer

hallmark sign of squamous carcinoma

basement membrane invasion

causes of squamous cell carcinoma

75-80% from tobacco w/ or w/out alcohol

also sun and HPV

ankyloglossia

short lingual frenum

lingual thyroid cause, effect, and tx

cause = hypertrophy of thyroid tissue @ foramen cecum

effect = dysphagia, dyspnea, dysphonia

tx = do NOT remove, TH hormones

melanoma makes up ___% of skin cancers but accounts for ___% of deaths due to skin cancer

5

65

acral lentiginous melanoma impacts what body parts and is common for which group

palms, soles, oral mucosa

most common melanoma for POC

acral lentiginous melanoma prognosis

poor- 15%

anesthetic necrosis cause and effect

cause = poor local anesthesia technique

effect = necrosis

oral lymphoepithelial cyst is ___, occurs in ___, and is treated with ___

keratin filled cyst

palatine and lingual tonsils (lymphoid rich)

excision

tonsillar concretions and tonsillolithiasis

tonsillar crypts filled w/ debris (surrounding tissues is uninflamed)

tonsillar concretions and tonsillolithiasis tx

waterpik, lasers, tonsil resection

NOT sharp instruments/ fingernails

bacterial infection of lymph nodes

TB, syphilis, cat-scratch disease

viral infection of lymph nodes

HIV, mono, herpes, measles

protozoal infections of lymph nodes

toxoplasmosis

sjogrens is an ___ disease that impacts ___ glands and will cause ___ symptoms

autoimmune

salivary and lacrimal

dry mouth/ eyes, rampant caries

mucocele/ ranula

oral mucosal swelling, not tender

salivary gland tumor involvement

parotid = 64-80%

minor = 9-23%

submandibular = 6-11%

sublingual = <1%

minor salivary gland tumor sites of involvement

palate = 50%

lips = 20%

buccal mucosa = 15%

what cancer makes it feel like being on a descending plane?

deep lobe pleomorphic adenoma

most tumors are parotid gland are

pleomorphic adenoma (50-77%)

minor gland benign tumors

- slow growing

- painless

minor gland malignant tumors

- rapid growth

- variable pain

- ulcers

- increased vasculature

What is Dysplasia? (4)
What type of epithelial changes are there?

• Abnormal nuclear cell size/shape

• Lots of nuclei

• Hyperchromatic nuclei

• Precancer changes seen in leukopakia

***Basal to squamous cells

What is Acute Sialadenitis? What does it cause? (3)

1. Xerostomia

2. Diffuse and painful swelling

3. Purulent exudate from parotid papilla

Where are salivary gland stones most often found? When do they swell?

Submandibular glands

Swelling of glands before or during meals

Where is a Mucocele found? What is a Ranula? What pt pop? What is the tx?

Lower lip (75%), buccal mucosa, ventral tongue, FOM

Ranula = FOM

Tx: deep biopsy to take out glands or else it will come back

Pts: children

What are the pharyngeal space tumors? What is most common? How do you image?

Pleomorphic adenoma: 50-77% of tumors of the parotid gland

• Found in the prestyloid compartment

Imaging occurs prior to biopsy