Lagos, Nigeria Review Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing the lecture notes on Lagos, Nigeria.

Location of Lagos

South Coast of Nigeria, West Africa

Population of Lagos

15 million

Population growth rate of Lagos

Growing at 4% per year

Age demographics of Lagos

50% of population under age of 25-very youthful

Percentage of migrants from rural areas in Lagos

40% of migrants from rural areas

Regional economic importance of Lagos

Key location for numerous jobs and >90% of sea port activity in region

Wealth of Lagos compared to the region

Lagos is more affluent that any other location regionally which means the local government source lots of taxes which are spent on the wider region. Lagos has >6000 millionaires.

Economic importance of Lagos to Nigeria

25% of Nigeria's GDP from Lagos and If it was a country, it would be Africa's 7th largest economy

Key economic contributor in Lagos (Crude Oil)

Accounts for 14% of GDP and most of this comes through Lagos

National cultural importance of Lagos

Key sights like National Museum of Nigeria, Christ's Cathedral and Oba Palace

Key educational facilities in Lagos

University of Lagos is one of Nigeria's leading institutions

Historical past of Lagos

Lagos was the capital until 1991 so there still remains lots of businesses and infrastructure since that time

Film importance of Lagos

Home to Nollywood - Nigeria's movie industry; second biggest movie industry in the world after Bollywood

Importance of Lagos to African trade

One of the largest and busiest ports in Africa

Airport in Lagos

Murtala Muhammed International Airport serves >7m passengers a year. It is a major hub for W Africa and Europe connections

ICT in Lagos

The major ICT hub in West Africa

City ranking of Lagos

Beta-city (Johannesburg, Cape Town, Cairo, Nairobi all higher). Lagos is the 15th biggest city by size but >100 cities appear higher than it on the Alpha rankings.

Percentage increase in population per year in Lagos

4%

Daily increase in population in Lagos

2,000

Percentage of migrants from surrounding countryside in Lagos

40%

International migrants in Lagos

From LIDCs (e.g. Benin & Togo; arrive in slums) or from EDCS/ACs (arrive in richer parts like Banana Island)

Impact of migration on growth in Lagos

In 1950 Lagos was just on Lagos Island. Nowadays Lagos sprawls >50km inland. Widespread slums on periphery of the city

Impact of migration on the character of Lagos

City busier, noisier, more polluted. City more globalised (TNCs arrived) and more similar to every other city (it is homogenised). City mare multicultural-good for creative arts scene

Ethnicity in Lagos

Dominant ethnic group Yoruba. There are 250 different ethnic groups. Many international citizens particularly from surrounding LIDCs like Togo and Benin

Housing in Lagos

Two extremes: slums like Makoko vs Banana Island. Banana Island: 353 luxury land plots. Banana Island: Average price $2m for 3-bedroom apartment

Leisure and consumption in Lagos

Eg Freedom Park-music events, Bridge Boys F.C. Football at Agege Stadium, Funtopia water park. Largest shopping mall with international brands: The Palms. Many luxury shap/ restaurants on Lagos Island. Idumate market (locals) and Lekki market (tourists)

Why there are housing issues in Lagos

Officially only 2,000 homes built per year but 2,000 people move in per day. Lots of 'illegal' and unregistered houses constructed. Large swathes of population can't afford homes

Cost of housing in Lagos

Most of official house builds are unaffordable to the majority of Lagosians. Existence eked out on the edge of the Lagoon

Life in Makoko Slums

Culture set up along more traditional line - local chiefs (Baales) have huge importance. Floating churches, fishing, timber works are a big part of life. Children swimming in dirty lagoon. Founded as a fishing village by the Egun ethnic group. Most migrants from Benin

Tenure in Makoko (Lagos)

Only 10% of Makoko residents own their house. The land is owned by one large landowner (Olaiya Family). Mast houses are on stilts over the lagoon. Dangerous fire risk to wooden buildings

Slums in Lagos

Extensive slum creation as there is insufficient housing stock. Makoko hauses 250,000 people. Majority of people don't own the land they live on. Only 7% of Makako residents own the land

Tenure issues in Lagos

Therefore government can bulldoze houses when they need to develop new areas. Not owning land means residents don't want to improve the region they live in (in constant fear of eviction)

Why there are transport issues in Lagos

City has grown very fast and as an LIDC, it doesn't have the money to fund big transport infrastructure construction. Large swathes of population can't afford private transport and rely on walking or public transport

Rail and road issues in Lagos

No city wide rail system. Only 3 bridges from the mainland to Lagos Island

Traffic issues in Lagos

Lagos one of the world's most polluted cities. Armed robbers steal from stationary cars. Enormous traffic james, particularly around rush hours

Sea transport issues in Lagos

Lagos' ports are overwhelmed by volume of trade

Type of waste in Lagos

10,000 tonnes produced per day and growing with spiralling population. 12% is plastics. This is due to lack of clean tap water. City uses 60 million bottles of water per day

Government waste collections in Lagos

Only collect 40% of rubbish; remainder is burnt or left in piles/discarded. Death of fish in lagoon due to polluted waterways (bad news for Makoko's fishing communities)

Waste issues in Lagos

30 landfill sites around the lagoon leach chemicals in to the water (bad news for Makoko residents who use water for cooking). Severe health impacts. Unsightly discarded rubbish and dangerous for children playing

Eko Atlantic new development in Lagos

Eko Atlantic; a new financial hub for West Africa being built on reclaimed land

Date Eko Atlantic started

2009

Size of Eko Atlantic

Enormous

Economic sustainability of Eko Atlantic

Will promote Lagos as a financial hub for West Africa. Enormous amount of job creation in construction (low skilled, short term) and finance (highly educated, long term). Success of Eko Atlantic will have trickle down effects to benefit the rest of Lagos

Social sustainability of Eko Atlantic

Houses will be too expensive for majority of residents

Environmental sustainability of Eko Atlantic

Sea wall on periphery will future-proof other parts of Lagos from sea level rise. Energy efficient buildings being planned. 150,000 trees being planted (big carbon sink)

Floating houses overview

A floating school has been built on Lagos Lagoon as a prototype. This could be rolled out as a wider concept to include shops and houses

Economic sustainability of floating houses

This is a relatively cheap option. This is only a prototype. The prototype got destroyed in a storm. Not enough funding yet to create something durable

Social sustainability of floating houses

This would employ local people and use their skills from timber yards for construction. This would focus on low income areas like Makoko which are most in need of housing. If government decided to build in these locations, mobile houses could move too (overcomes issue of tenure and awning land)

Environmental sustainability of floating houses

Solar panel construction on roofs; this will be low carbon. Aim to capture and harvest rainwater giving fresh water to community. Floats so will adapt to rising sea levels as Lagoon rises

Tempohousing overview

Recycled shipping containers being converted in to modular housing units by a small Lagosian firm

Economic sustainability of Tempohousing

30% cheaper than using bricks and concrete

Social sustainability of tempohousing

Can be built much quicker than normal houses and therefore housing needs met faster. Local firm is creating these; local pride!

Environmental sustainability of Tempohousing

Recycles old containers that would otherwise go to landfill