Horticulture Exam 1

Horticulture

The art, science, and business of cultivating, processing, and marketing of fruits, nuts, vegetables, and ornamental plants.

Agronomy

The science and practice of growing field crops such as cotton, wheat, tobacco, corn, and soybeans.

Branches of Horticulture

Olericulture, Pomology,Viticulture, Floriculture

Olericulture

The growing and study of vegetables

Pomology

The growing and study of fruits and nuts

Viticulture

The growing and study of grapes or vines

Floriculture

The growing and study of flowers

Horticulture Branch Management

Greenhouse management, Turfgrass management, Nursury Management, Arboriculture, Landscape Horticulture, Horticultural Therapy

Greenhouse Management

The growing and study of plants in greenhouses

Turfgrass Management

The growing and study of turfgrasses. This includes home, municipal, and commercial lawns; sports turf maintenance; highway rights-of-way; and seed and sod production.

Nursery Management

Involves the propagation and cultivation of plants for sale, including trees and shrubs, primarily for landscape purposes.

Arboriculture

The growing and study of trees, known as silviculture in forestry and synonymous with urban forestry.

Landscape Horticulture

Focuses on the design and maintenance of landscapes, including gardens and parks.

Horticultural Therapy

The use of horticultural plants and methods as therapeutic tools with disabled and disadvantaged people

Ornamental Horticulture

Involves the cultivation of plants for decorative purposes, such as flowers and shrubs.

Fruit and Vegetable Horticulture

Encompasses the growing of edible plants for consumption, emphasizing sustainable practices.

Horticulture VS Agronomy

Plants belong in either or both fields

Taxonomy

The science and art of identifying, naming, and classifying plants.

Major Classification Categories of Organisms

Kingdom Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (King Phillip’s Cat Ordered Fish, Ginger, and Sushi)

Plant family names end in ‘____’

‘aceae’

Plant Family Examples:

Fabaceae (Pea/Bean Family), Rosaceae (Rose Family), and Solanaceae (nightshade family)

Binomial Nomenclature

A two-part naming system consisting of the genus and species names.

Rules of Plant Taxonomic Nomenclature

1. broader genus is followed by specific species

2. genus name is always capitalized; Acer

3. species name is in lowercase: rubrum

4. unknown species are not italicized; Acer sp.

5. authority goes after species, not italicized

6. varieties are denoted ‘ var. examplensis

7. cultivars are capitalized not italicized and written either “Example’ or cv. Example

   1. Classica examplera ‘Example’ - Example is the name of the cultivar

If species is unknown:

‘s.p’ for singular “Acer sp.”

‘s.p.p.’ for multiple ie “Acer spp.”

Botanical Variety

A naturally occurring variant of a species that differs from the general species in color, shape, size, or chemical composition

Cultivar

A cultivated variety created by horticultural techniques, maintained as clones. and not normally found in nature.

Variety

A naturally occurring variant of plants that differs from the general species.

Interspecific hybrids

Hybrids resulting from the cross between two different species.

Trichomes consist of ____ and ____ cells

head and stalk

Transpiration

The process by which plants release water into the atmosphere to cool down.

Monocots

one cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, scattered leaf bundles, flower parts in 3s or multiples of 3, and fibrous roots.

Dicots

two cotyledons, branched leaf veins, ris 4ng of vascular bundles, flower parts in 4s or 5s, and some have taproot systems.

Small leaves are associated with

cold, dry, high light condition

Increasing leaf area size ____ photosynthesis and ____ transpiration

increases, increases

Stolon

A stem modification for asexual reproduction (Runners on Strawberries)

Tubers

Enlarged underground modified stems for storage and asexual reproduction with buds that can produce aerial stems

Rhizome

A horizontal, creeping, underground stem modification for storage and asexual reproduction

True bulbs have a papery covering known as

the tunic

Do imbricate bulbs have a tunic?

No; Ex. lily bulb

Bulbs are modified leaves or stems?

Leaves

Corms

Stem modifications for storage and asexual reproduction

Phloem Sap

Sugars and nutrients transported from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Pressure Flow Mechanism

The process by which sugars are moved through the phloem by osmotic pressure.

Strain

A sub-group of cultivar with specific characteristics.

Clone

An asexual propagate of a variety or cultivar, identical to the parent.

inputs for cellular respiration

carbon dioxide and water

outputs of photosynthesis

glucose and oxygen

inorganic molecules taken up by plants

carbon dioxide, nitrogen, phosphorus and others

How are minerals taken up by plant roots?

In a watery solution of soil solution and liquid phase.

Where are water and minerals absorbed through in a plant?

Through the epidermis of the root before entering the xylem through root cells; Selective permeability of the plasma membrane of root cells controls what minerals enter the xylem

Xylem Sap

Water and dissolved minerals transported from roots to leaves.

USDA Cold Hardiness Zone

A classification system that categorizes regions based on their climate to inform horticulturists about plant suitability.

Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots that enhance nutrient uptake.