module 2.1 – content and contextual analysis of textual primary sources

Background of the Event

This refers to what was happening at the time of the writing/making of the source.

Background of the Author

This refers to the basic information about the author of the source such as what was their profession or what they were doing at the time the source was made, how old they were, where was their location at the time, etc.

Type of Source

This helps in determining why the source was made.

The First Voyage Around the World and the Battle of Mactan

This is a book about the first circumnavigation of the world which was led by Ferdinand Magellan, written on the account of Antonio Pigafetta.

Propose to the King of Spain to sail to the west going to the east in order to discover a new route to the Spice Islands.

The ongoing rivalry between Portugal and Spain, who were under the good favor of the Pope Alexander VI forced Magellan to?

He formed a Pact of Friendship with Chief Tupas to occupy the island.

What did Magellan do once he landed on the shores of Cebu?

He was provoked by Chief Kalipulako of Mactan who suspected his evil desires.

The Battle of Mactan happened because?

Antonio Pigafetta

He is a Venetian scholar who sailed with Magellan and he wrote the book The First Voyage around the World: An Account of Magellan’s Expedition.

Supernumerary

What did Pigafetta accepted for the expedition?

Ferdinand Magellan

He is a famous Portuguese explorer who had a relationship with King John II of Portugal that is not going well.

Because of his bad relationship with King John II of Portugal.

Why did Magellan sought the favor of King Charles I of Spain?

Trinidad
San Antonio
Concepcion
Victoria
Santiago

What are the five ships that Magellan commandeered?

Customs of Tagalogs

This was written by Juan de Plasencia.

Relacion de las Constumbres de los Tagalos

What is the other name for Customs of Tagalogs?

They allowed some Filipinos to be gobernadorcillos.

What did the Spaniards do to when they found it hard to administer the country?

Joan de Portocarrero

The real name of Juan de Plasencia.

Juan de Plasencia

He joined the Franciscan order and was with the first batch of Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the Philippines in July 1578.

Juan de Plasencia

He was assigned to work in the Southern Tagalog area in the Luzon Island. He also helped in the foundation and organization of numerous towns there.

Customs of Tagalogs

This book describes the political, economic, and cultural practices of the natives before being converted into Christianity.

Intramuros

Capital of Spain in the Philippines.

Gobernadorcillos

This is referred to as a petty governor.

Friars

They were assigned to each town parish since they were instructed to monitor and supervise the townsmen.

The friars were also responsible for performing administrative duties such as supervision of local elections, collection of taxes, and educating the youth.

What is the other responsibility of friars?

The duties of the friars made them knowledgeable, influential, and powerful in the town.

The duties of the friar made them _______?

Datos

This is what we call the chiefs who govern the people and were captains in their wars. They obey and revere them.

Severely punished.

What would happen to anyone committed any offense against the datos or spoke any word to their wives and children?

Barangay

The Tagalog tribal gathering.

Barangay

Its origin was a family of parents and children, relations and slaves.

Consists of Nobles, Commoners, Slaves.

What are the three castes back then?

Nobles (Maharlika)

They're free born and they don’t pay tax or tribute to the dato but must accompany him in war.

Commoners (Aliping Namamahay)

They are married people who serve their masters (dato or not) with half of their cultivated lands, which was agreed upon at th beginning.

Commoners (Aliping Namamahay)

They live in their own houses and are lords of their property and gold, which their children inherit and their children cannot be made slaves.

Slaves (Aliping sa Guiguilir)

They serve their master in his house and on his cultivated lands and they can be sold.

Simbahan

A temple or place of adoration.

Pandot

This means “worship”.

Sibi

A roof that together with the house (temple) was constructed to protect the people from the wet when it rained.

Sorihile

Small lamps that were located on the posts of the house.

Nagaanitos

The time when the whole barangay, or family, united and joined the worship.

Badhala/Bathala

The idol they worshiped which signifies “all powerful” or “maker of all things”.

The Pleiades

The seven little goats.

Tala

The morning star.

Mapolon

The change of seasons.

Balatic

The greater bear.

Lic-ha

Idols which were images with different shapes that they possessed.

Dian Masalanta

The patron of lovers and of generation.

Lacapati and Idianale

The patrons of the cultivated lands and of husbandry.

Buaya

These are water-lizards or crocodiles that the people pay reverence for fear of being harmed by them.

Tigmamanuguin

A singing bird that had two different forms of song that can be considered as an evil or good omen.

Divination

They practice this to see if the weapons were to be useful and lucky for their possessor whenever occasion should offer.

Catolonan

The officiating priest (male or female), An honorable one among the natives, and was held by people of rank.

Buyos

A small fruit wrapped in a leaf with some lime, a food generally eaten in the regions.

Mangagauay

These are known as “witches”. They deceive by pretending to heal the sick.

Manyisalat

They had the power of applying such remedies to lovers that they would abandon and despise their own wives and could prevent them from having intercourse with them.

Mancocolam

It has a greater efficacy than the mangagauay.

Catanduanes

An island off the upper part of Luzon.

Silangan

If they saw anyone clothed in white, they would tear out his liver and eat it, causing death.

Magtatangal

His purpose was to show himself at night to many people, without his head or entrails.

Osuang

This is a flying creature that murders men and eat their flesh.

Mangagayoma

They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood, which would infuse the heart with love.

Sonat

A preacher whose duty is to help one to die, at which time he predicted the salvation or condemnation of the soul.

Pangatahojan

A soothsayer that can predict the future.

Bayoguin

This is known as cotquean. This is a man whose nature inclined toward that of a woman.

Maca

Another life of rest.

Casanaan

A place of punishment, grief, and affliction’ “a place of anguish”.

Sitan

The demons that they believed dwell in the casanaan.

Vibit

This means ghosts.

Tigbalaang

This is known as phantoms.

Patianac

A woman who died in childbirth whom they could hear lamenting.

Kartilya ng Katipunan

This is written in the account of Emilio Jacinto which tackles about the Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng Anak ng Bayan (KKK).

Kartilya ng Katipunan

It served as a guidebook to those who wanted to join the KKK.

To promote and establish good governance among those people in politics; to teach honor and dignity and shun corruption.

To raise awareness towards the importance and empowerment of women; to practice respect for women and love for our family.

To instill kindness and compassion among every person in the society; to inculcate generosity and compassion among us.

The following are Kartilya ng Katipunan's lessons still relevant today:

Emilio Jacinto

He is the “brains of the Katipunan”. He became the guiding light of the KKK and had a symbolic name known as Pingkian.

Emilio Jacinto

He wrote the Kartilya and the Oath of Katipuneros.

Emilio Jacinto

He was the editor of Kalayaan, the official newspaper of the KKK. His pen-name was Dimas-ilaw.

Reform

Demanding changes through peaceful means.

Revolution

Changing society through violent means, particularly an armed struggle.

Andres Bonifacio

He was responsible for the formation of the KKK.

Andres Bonifacio

He saw the failure of the reform movement in the Philippines when Jose Rizal was exiled and imprisoned.

Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)

A revolutionary movement that was concerned with the development of Filipinos after complete independence.

Political, moral, and civic.

KKK's three objectives?

Political

Separation of the Philippines from Spain.

Moral

Practice of good manners, hygiene, and morals; and the rejection of religious fanaticism.

Civic

Self-help and the defense of the weak, poor, and oppressed.

Enlightenment in Europe, French Revolution, Masonry in the Philippines. La Liga Filipina, The Kartilya.

These are various influencing factors that led to the creation and conceptualization of KKK.

Enlightenment in Europe

19th century liberalism was at an all-time high during this period. The ideas of freedom and equality were widespread.

“Dare to know! Have courage to use your own reason!”

Immanuel Kant, a known German philosopher, best summed up enlightenment:

French Revolution of 1789

This was the culmination of the vision of enlightenment – throwing out old authorities to remake society along rational lines.

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

What is the motto of the french revolution?

Graciano Lopez-Jaena

Who organized a Masonic lodge in Barcelona, hence the root of Philippine Masonry in 1889?

Masonry

The KKK was even considered as a copy-cat of __________ and labeled as the enemy of God.

Insurrectos (Insurgents)

Spanish friars were alarmed by the Masonry so they branded them as?

1898 Declaration of the Philippine Independence

It was the moment when the term indio transformed into Filipino. A glorious moment wherein our forefathers asserted and declared their independence.

June 12, 1898 in Kawit Cavite

The Philippine Declaration of Independence was proclaimed by Filipino revolutionary forces, General Emilio Aguinaldo, on ________?

Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

He is the author of the Declaration and the first adviser of Aguinaldo.

Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

He was the one who waved the Philippine flag during the declaration of independence.

Spanish-American War

The world event that affected the Philippine Declaration of Independence. In 1898, the US intervened in the Cuban War of Independence that led to the outbreak of ________.

Manifest Destiny

This is the belief that the USA was always destined for greatness and expansion to the west which was the Pacific region.

Emilio Aguinaldo

He was exiled in Hong Kong due to the Pact of Biak-na- Bato. In exchange for his exile, reforms and payments were promised.

Biak-na-Bato

Proposed by Don Pedro A. Paterno and Signed by Don Emilio Aguinaldo as President of the Republic and by Governor- General Fernando primo de Rivera.

destruction of the Spanish Squadron by the North American Navy and bombardment of the plaza of Cavite.

The Biak-na-Bato agreement was broken because of the _________.