Oral Communication Q2 Reviewer

Nomination

Establishing a conversation topic through news inquiries or announcements

Restriction

Limitations in communication, following specific instructions.

Turn-taking

Deciding who gets to speak in a conversation

Topic Control

Achieving cooperative control over the conversation topic.

Topic Shifting

Moving from one conversation topic to another.

Repair

Addressing and correcting problems in understanding

Termination

Signaling the end of a discussion

Speech Writing Process

Follows steps like audience analysis, topic selection, data gathering, outlining, and delivery

Audience Analysis

Examining the target audience's profile for tailored content

Purpose of the Speech

Determining the reason for delivering the speech

General Purpose and Specific Purpose

Classifying speech purposes into three categories.

Strategies for Selecting a Topic

Methods for choosing a speech topic, e.g., personal experiences, asking questions

Narrowing Down a Topic

Making the main idea specific and focused.

Data Gathering Stage

Collecting information, sources, and references relevant to the specific speech topic

Writing Patterns for Organizing Ideas

Different writing patterns (biographical, categorical, causal, etc.) to organize speech content.

Outline

Importance of organizing ideas, elements of an outline, suggested formats.

Body of the Speech

Explanation, examples, and details supporting the main idea.

Strategies for Introduction:

Techniques like real-life experiences, quotes, facts.

Strategies for Conclusion:

Techniques like restating main idea, asking questions.

Editing/Revising

Correcting errors, six power principles for speech editing

Edit for focus

Ensure everything is related to the central message

Edit for clarity

Make ideas clear and arrange them logically

Edit for concision

Keep the speech short, simple, and clear by eliminating unrelated stories and using simple words

Edit for continuity

Add transition words and phrases to keep the flow of the presentation smooth.

Guidelines in Speech Writing

Tips for clear, effective speech writing

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Types of Speeches According to Purpose

Informative, entertainment, persuasive speeches

Types of Speeches According to Delivery

Extemporaneous, impromptu, manuscript, memorized speaking.

Biographical

Presents descriptions of your life or of a person, famous or not

Categorical/Topical

Presents related categories supporting the topic

Causal

Presents cause-effect relationships

Chronological

Presents the idea in time order

Comparison/Contrast

Presents comparison/contrast of two or three points

Problem Solution

Presents an identified problem, its causes, and recommended solutions

Delivery

essential for effective public speaking.

Good delivery

presenting the message clearly, coherently, and interestingly.

Informative speech

Provides a clear understanding of a concept or idea

Entertainment speech

Amuses the audience.

Persuasive speech

Seeks to influence the audience's decisions.

Extemporaneous speaking

Delivered conversationally with limited preparation.

Impromptu speaking

Spoken without advanced preparation.

Manuscript speaking

Reading aloud a written message

Memorized speaking

Reciting a written message word-for-word from memory.

Speaking to a specific audience size:

Adjust approach based on audience size.

Speaking outside a building

Deal with communication barriers and make adjustments in voice projection.

Speaking in different venues

Make adjustments in nonverbal cues based on venue size and characteristics.

Speaking with a microphone

to increase the volume of your voice, not to clarify pronunciation and enunciation of words

Speaking with a podium

a reading desk with a stand and a slanted top.

Speech about Objects or People

Focused on tangible items or individuals.

Speech about Processes

Focused on explaining a process or sequence of events.

Speech about Events

Focused on narrating a past, present, or future event.

Speech about Concepts

Focused on abstract ideas, theories, or principles

Chronological Pattern

Presenting information in sequential order; example outline provided

Spatial Pattern

Organizing information based on physical structure or space.

Topical/Categorical Pattern

Organizing information based on main features or categories.

Cause-Effect Pattern

Demonstrating the causal relationship between events or phenomena

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Speech that questions fact

Questions the existence of a particular event or happening

Speech that questions value

Focuses on questions regarding topics on the self, family, friendship, religion, government, freedom, love, and money, among others.

Speech that questions policy

Questions the current state of things which can impact the future.

Anecdotes

Begin your speech with a personal story, observation, or experience

Facts and Figures

Provide striking statistics that can support your ideas

Opinion

Add in your opinion

Rhetorical questions

Think of and add engaging type of questions

Emotive language

Appeal to your audience’s emotion

Superlatives

Use this to exaggerate an idea

Tripling

The rule of three in the English writing principle simply entails using three words together to reinforce your point

Ad Hominem fallacy

This happens when you attack the character of a person instead of his argument

Circular Argument fallacy

This happens when the idea of a stated argument is repeated

False Analogy fallacy

This happens when two things, which might be alike in some respects, are compared and assumed to be similar in other ways

False Authority fallacy

This happens when a statement of someone who is not an expert in the field in question is being used in an argument

False cause and effect

Connection between two consecutive events is not clear

Hasty Generalization

Conclusion drawn from insufficient evidence

Red Herring

Answer does not address the question