Introduction to Healthcare Mid-Term Review

Body Mechanics

The study of correct positioning of the body for any given task.

Ergonomics

The science of designing and arranging things in the working environment for proper body mechanics, maximum efficiency, health, and safety.

Repetitive Motion Injuries (RMI)

Injuries that occur due to doing the same motion over and over again, causing pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness.

Symptoms of RMI

Pain, paresthesia, numbness, swelling or redness in the affected area (inflammation).

Numbness

The loss of feeling or sensation.

Mechanical injuries

Common occurrences in the workplace that can be reduced by identifying risk factors.

Factors leading to RMI

Poor body mechanics, poor posture, high stress, obesity, and low activity levels.

Proper Body Mechanics for Lifting

Using the strongest muscles in your legs to lift objects and avoiding twisting when placing a heavy object.

Code Red

Fire emergency in the workplace.

CLASS C fire

Electrical fire.

HEICS team

A team in the hospital setting specifically trained to coordinate emergency responses.

R.A.C.E

An acronym used in hospitals for fire response: Rescue, Alarm, Contain/Confine, Extinguish.

P.A.S.S.

An acronym to remember how to use a fire extinguisher: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.

Healthcare changes

Drastic evolution in medical practices and beliefs over time.

Dr. Ben Carson

Pioneer known for first reported separation of conjoined twins at the back of the head.

Nosocomial infections

Infections acquired in healthcare facilities.

Types of Microorganisms

Bacteria (single cell), Cocci (round), Spirilla (spiral), Bacilli (rods), Fungi (plant-like), Protozoa (animal-like), Viruses (cannot reproduce without a host), Rickettsiae (spread through parasites).

Antibiotics

Used for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Chain of Infection

Causative/Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of Entry, Susceptible Host.

Donning Order

Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves.

Doffing Order

Gloves, Gown, Goggles, Mask (after leaving the room).

CPR

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart.

Veins

Carry blood to the heart.

Blood Pressure

The measurement of the force of circulating blood against the wall of the arteries.

Normal Blood Pressure

120/80.

High Blood Pressure

150/96, also called hypertension.

Blood Flow through the Heart

The sequence: SVC & IVC → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Vein → Left Atrium → Bicuspid/Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Artery → Arterioles → Capillary Bed → Venules → Veins.