Introduction to Healthcare Mid-Term Review

Body Mechanics Unit

Body Mechanics is the study of correct positioning of the body for any given task

Ergonomics is the science of designing and arranging things in the working environment for proper body mechanics, maximum efficiency, health and safety.

Repetitive Motion Injuries (RMI)  are injuries that occur due to doing the same motion over and over again. RMIs usually develop over time, and can cause pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness.

The following symptoms may present when someone has an RMI:

1. Pain

2. Paresthesia

3. Numbness

4. Swelling or Redness in the affected area (inflammation)

Numbness is the loss of feeling/sensation.

Mechanical injuries are a common occurrence in the workplace and can be reduced by identifying risk factors surrounding them.

The following are factors that can lead to Repetitive Motion Injuries (RMI):

1. Poor Body Mechanics

2. Poor Posture

3. High stress

4. Obesity

5. Low activity levels

Proper body mechanics for lifting a heavy object includes:

1. Using the strongest muscles in your legs to lift objects

2. Avoid twisting when placing a heavy object on a surface.

Safety in the Workplace Unit

Code Red - Fire Emergency

CLASS C fire - Electrical Fire

HEICS team - A team in the hospital setting specifically trained to coordinate emergency responses. Specifically trained to respond to an incident above the normal hospital daily operation, including epidemic threat or mass casualty response.

HEICS stands for: 

Hospital

Emergency

Incident

Command

System

 R.A.C.E: An acronym that hospital personnel use to remember their duties in case of fire. 

It stands for:

Rescue

Alarm

Contain/Confine

Extinguish

P.A.S.S.: An acronym to remember how to use a fire extinguisher.

Pull

Aim

Squeeze

Sweep

Pictogram Identification: Look at slides

Unit 1: Safety Codes and Labels Slide 9

History of Healthcare Unit

Healthcare has changed drastically over time. The earliest surgery recorded was 

Performed by people drilling a hole in patients' head to release what they believed were evil spirits.

We have fortunately advanced from those beliefs. Know the following pioneers in Healthcare and what they are known for:

1. Dr. Ben Carson -  first reported separation of conjoined twins at the back of the head, revitalized use of hemispherectomy to treat seizures

2. Ancient Chinese - Acupuncture

3. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - Microscopic Lens

4. Edward Jenner - Smallpox Vaccine

5. Sir Alexander Fleming - Penicillin

6. Dr. Leila Denmark - helped develop Whooping Cough/pertussis vaccine and retired at the age of 103

7. Robert Jarvik - inventor of first permanently implantable artificial heart, Jarvik - 7

Infection Control Unit

Hand hygiene is considered to be the most important way to prevent spread of infection in the healthcare setting.

Nosocomial infections are acquired in healthcare facilities.

Identify and describe the different types of microorganisms:

1. Bacteria - single cell organisms

   1. Cocci- round

   2. Spirilla- spiral

   3. Bacilli- rods

2. Fungi - plant like

3. Protozoa - animal like

4. Viruses - can’t reproduce without a host

5. Rickettsiae - spread through parasites

Antibiotics are used for what?

Treatment for bacterial infections.

You should wash your hands for a minimum of 20 seconds. 

Chain of Infection

1. Causative/Infectious Agent

2. Reservoir

3. Portal of Exit

4. Mode of Transmission

5. Portal of Entry

6. Susceptible Host

Donning Order

1. Gown

2. Mask

3. Goggles

4. Gloves

Doffing Order

1. Gloves

2. Gown

3. Goggles

4. Mask - after leaving the room

CPR and Blood Flow Through the Heart Unit

CPR  stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Veins carry blood to the heart.

Normally, Blood Pressure is obtained using the Brachial Artery.

Systolic Pressure is represented by the top number of a blood pressure reading.

Diastolic Pressure is represented by the bottom number of a blood pressure reading.

A Normal blood pressure is 120/80. 

150/96 is considered  high blood pressure also called hypertension.

Blood pressure-  the measurement of the force of circulating blood against the wall of the arteries

Blood flow through the heart and vessels order-

SVC & IVC → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Gas exchange in Alveoli → Pulmonary Vein → Left Atrium → Bicuspid/Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Artery → Arterioles → Capillary Bed → Gas exchange in capillaries → Venules → Veins