Introduction to computer systems

Computer

An electronic device that operates under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, which accepts data, processes it, produces results, and stores the results for future use.

Data

A collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video.

Information

Meaningful data that conveys value and is useful to people.

Information Processing Cycle

The process by which computers convert input data into information via the steps of input, process, output, and storage.

Input Devices

Hardware components that allow users to enter data and instructions into a computer, such as keyboards, mice, and scanners.

Output Devices

Hardware components that convey information from a computer to users, such as printers, monitors, and speakers.

Storage Devices

Devices that hold data, instructions, and information for future use, like USB flash drives and hard disks.

Software

A series of related instructions organized for a common purpose that tells the computer what tasks to perform.

System Software

Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices, serving as an interface between user and hardware.

Application Software

Programs designed to assist users in carrying out tasks and making them more productive.

Mainframe

A powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously, used by enterprises for large-scale operations.

Supercomputer

The fastest and most powerful type of computer, capable of processing over one quadrillion instructions per second for complex tasks.

Embedded Computer

A special-purpose computer that functions as a component within a larger system, found in everyday products.

Network

A collection of computers and devices connected to share resources and information.

Programming Language

A formal language consisting of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of outputs, often used by programmers to write software.

User Interface

The means by which a user interacts with a computer or software program.