PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 1

Biology

Study of life and living organism

Cell

Basic unit of life

Evolution

New species and inherited traits are caused by ___

GENES

Basic unit of HEREDITY

Divisions of biology

Botany, zoology, biochemistry, physiology, ecology

Hippocrates and Dioscorides

Documented medicinal properties of plants and became the references for centuries

AVICENNA

Compiled the documents during the Islamic Golden Age

Rhizotomoi

Root collectors

Pharmacopolai

Drug vendors

Theophrastus of Eresus

10 books of History of Plants with 500 species

Pedanios Dioscorides

De material medica; founder of pharmacy

Pliny the elder

Historia Naturalis, 1000 medicinal plants

Galen

Galenicals, De methodo medendi

Valerius Cordus

Novem dispensatorium, a pharmacopoeia

Cesalpino

De plantis, system of classification

Carolus Linnaeus

Species Plantarum, binomial system of classification

Plant morphology

Parts/structures of plants

Macro morphology/Gross anatomy of plants

External characteristics of plants

Micro morphology/ plant histology

Microscopic structure of plants

Plant cytology

Plant cells and their contents

Plant embryology

stages of growth, differentiation and development of plant body

Plant physiology

Life processes or functions of plant

Taxonomy/ systematic botany

Classification or arrangement of plant in groups according to their relationship

Plant ecology

Plants and their parts in relation to their environment

Phytogeography

Distribution of plants on earth

Habit

Appearance of plant

Habitat

Where a plant grow

Phytopaleontology

Disease of plants

Mycology

Fungi

Brycology

Mosses and liveworts

Altology

Algae

pharmaceutical botany, pharmacognosy, agronomy, horticulture, forestry, plant breeding

Economic or Applied botany

Pharmaceutical botany

Drugs, spice, dye, and poisonous plants

Pharmacognosy

History, immerse, selection, identification, valuation, and preservation of crude drugs

Agronomy

Deals with crop plants

Horticulture

Garden or orchard plants

Forestry

Management of forests and timbre plants

Plant breeding

Growing of improved races of plants

How to study pharm bot?

Morphology of plants, taxonomy, elementary physiology of plants, medicinal applications

Plant taxonomy and systematics

Classification, naming, identification of plants

Plant anatomy

Internal structure

Plant physiology

Functions and processes of plants

Photochemistry

Chemical compounds in plants

Ethnobotany

How different culture use plants for medicine, food, and rituals

Pharmacognosy

Botany + pharmacy

Charles Darwin

Natural Selection

Cosmic process

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen; water, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons

Planetary process

Sugar, among acid, and nucleotides = development of RNA and DNA

Biological process

Single-celled, stromatolites

Examples of plant-derived drugs

Morphine, aspirin, quinine, vincristine and vinblastine, digoxin

Morphine

Papaver somniferum

Aspirin

Salix spp. or Salix pupurea

Quinine

Cichino bark

Vincristine and vinblastine

Catharantus roseus

Digoxin

Digitalis pupurea

AKAPULKO

Cassia alata

AMPALAYA

Momordica charantia

Bawang

Allium sativum

BAYABAS

Psidium guajava

LAGUNDI

Vitex negundo

Niyog-niyogan

Quisqualis indica

Sambong

Blumea balsamifera

TSAANG GUBAT

Ehretia microphylla

ULASIMANG BATO

Peperomia pellucida

Yerba buena

Mentha cordifolia