Private Pilot Checkride Flashcards

Supplemental Type Certificate

FAA approval for a major alteration/modification to aircraft's original design

When are STC's required?

If changes affect aircraft's airworthiness

Where is an STC documented?

Aircraft's maintenance logbook

Radiation Fog

Forms when the ground loses heat rapidly

What conditions does radiation fog form under?

Clear skies

Advection Fog

Forms when warm

What conditions does Advection Fog form under?

Mainly coastal areas

Upslope Fog

Moist air is pushed up a mountain

Under what conditions does upslope fog form?

Wind blows perpendicular to mountains

Steam Fog

Cold air moves over warmer water

Under what conditions does steam fog typically form?

Typically forms in early fall/winter mornings over lakes or rivers

Freezing Fog

Similar to radiation/advection fog

What is freezing fog known for?

Icing conditions

Hypoxia

Insufficient oxygen to the brain

Hypoxic Hypoxia

Not enough oxygen in the air you breathe

Where/When is hypoxic hypoxia common?

When flying at high altitudes without supplemental oxygen

Hypemic Hypoxia

Blood can't carry enough oxygen to the brain

Where/When is hypemic hypoxia common?

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Stagnant Hypoxia

Blood can't circulate oxygen properly

Where/When is stagnant hypoxia common?

Heart failure

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Cells can't use the oxygen delivered by blood

Where/When is histotoxic hypoxia common?

Alcohol/Drug poisoning

Under what conditions do thunderstorms form (3 specific aspects)?

Moisture

What is the first stage of a thunderstorm?

Cumulus

What is the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm known for?

Strong updrafts

What is the second stage of a thunderstorm?

Mature

What is the mature stage of a thunderstorm known for?

Strong updrafts and downdrafts

What are microbursts known for?

Heavy rain

What is the final stage of a thunderstorm?

Dissipating

What is the dissipating stage of a thunderstorm known for?

Many downdrafts

How far should pilots stay away from thunderstorms?

FAA recommended 20nm-30nm

What happens in a carbureted engine?

Air enters carburetor

Pros of carbureted engine

Simpler

Cons of carbureted engine

Susceptible to carburetor icing in humid conditions even up to 70 degrees F

What is a sign of carb ice?

Gradual loss in rpm

What happens inside a fuel-injected engine?

Fuel is injected directly into cylinder w/o mixing with air first

Pros of fuel injected engine

No carb ice

Cons of fuel injected engine

Can be harder to start when hot

What is BasicMed?

Allows pilots to fly w/o holding a medical certificate

What are the requirements to be eligible for BasicMed (3 aspects)?

Have a U.S. Driver's license

Limitations of BasicMed

MTOW 12

What are EGTs?

Measure temperature of exhaust gases leaving the cylinders of a piston engine

How do we use EGTs?

Optimize fuel mixture

What does oil do for the aircraft?

Coats moving parts

What happens if a pilot leaves the mixture too rich?

Low EGTs

What happens if a pilot leans the mixture too much?

High EGTs

What do abnormally high/low EGTs in one cylinder indicate?

Damage to spark plugs

If someone offers to pay your hotel fee to fly them someplace

are you allowed to accept?

What altitude does class E airspace start at if nothing is marked on the sectional map?

1

What altitude does class E airspace start at if a dashed magenta circle surrounds an airport on the sectional map?

Surface

What altitude does class E airspace start at if a fuzzy magenta circle surrounds an airport/airports on the sectional map?

700' AGL

Prognostic Chart

Forecast map showing expected weather conditions at a specific future time

How is a cold front depicted on a prognostic chart?

Blue triangles pointing in direction of movement

How is a warm front depicted on a prognostic chart?

Red half-circles pointing in the direction of movement

How is an occluded front depicted on a prognostic chart?

Purple alternating triangles and half-circles on the same side

How is a stationary front depicted on a prognostic chart?

Alternating blue triangles and red half-circles

What are isobars on prognostic charts?

Lines connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure

How are strong winds represented with isobars on a prognostic chart?

Closely spaced isobars

How are light winds represented with isobars on a prognostic chart?

Widely spaced isobars

How is a trough represented on a prognostic chart?

Brown/black dashed line

How is a ridge represented on a prognostic chart?

Solid zig-zag/line

What is a trough?

Elongated area of low pressure

What is a ridge?

Elongated area of high pressure

Front

Boundary between two air masses w/ different temp

Cold Front

Cold air pushes warm air

Warm Front

Warm air slides over cold air

Stationary Front

Front stops moving

Occluded Front

Cold front overtakes warm front

What are the two criteria for icing to happen?

Visible moisture present

Where is clear ice typically found?

Cumulus clouds

Clear ice

Smooth

Where is rime ice typically found?

Stratus clouds

Rime ice

opaque

Mixed ice

Irregular

Frost

Forms on clear

When on an East/West heading

an acceleration will initially show what on the magnetic compass?

When on an East/West heading

a deceleration will initially show what on the magnetic compass?

When turning North

the compass will do what?

When turning South

the compass will do what?

A 1st class medical is required for what license?

ATPL

A 2nd class medical is required for what license?

CPL

A 3rd class medical is required for what license?

PPL/Sport Pilot

How long do 1st class privileges last for a person under 40?

12 Calendar Months

How long do 2nd class privileges last for a person of any age?

12 Calendar Months

How long do 3rd class privileges last for a person under 40?

60 Calendar Months

How long do 1st class privileges last for a person 40 or older?

6 Calendar Months

How long do 3rd class privileges last for a person 40 or older?

24 Calendar Months

Horizontally Opposed

Cylinders lie flat

Normally aspirated

No supercharger/turbo

Reciprocating

Pistons go back and forth

Does the engine run separately from the electrical system?

Yes

What is the format for Wind and Temperature Aloft readings?

DirectionSpeedTemp

What is the wind speed represented if the first two digits on a WTA reading is 51-86?

100 kts

What does the reading on a WTA show if the wind is light/calm?

9900

Over what altitude

if operating for more than 30 minutes

Over what altitude is oxygen required for all crew members?

14

Over what altitude is oxygen required for passengers?

15

Arm

Distance from a reference point (datum) to where the weight is located

Moment

Turning force created by weight around datum

Moment Formula

Weight*Arm=Moment