Physical Science Chemistry Test Review

atomic number

in the periodic table, the number above the symbol for each element represents

Periods

What the horizontal rows on the periodic table are called?

Mendeleev

He was the first to notice that properties of elements exist as a periodic function of their atomic mass?

metals

The majority of the elements listed in the Periodic Table are classified as

atom

a positive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negative charges

neutron

the subatomic particle that has no charge.

Protons

Which particles determine the atomic number of an element?

56 AMU

An atom of iron contains 26 protons and 30 neutrons. The mass number of iron is

electron

The subatomic particle with the least mass

8

What is the maximum number of electrons that may be present in the second energy level (shell) of an atom?

ionic bond

type of bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another; bonding of a metal atom and a nonmetal atom

compound

When two or more different elements chemically bond, they form a

Physical property

a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing

it into another substance

Molecule

a particle of two or more atoms covalently bonded together

Mixture

two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined

Chemical change

a change in matter that produces one or more new substances

Physical change

a change in a substance that does not change its identity

Law of Conservation of Mass

the principle that the total amount of matter is neither created nor destroyed during any chemical or physical change

reactants

the chemicals that appear before the arrow in a chemical reaction

products

the chemicals that appear after the arrow in a chemical reaction.

valence electrons

electrons in the outermost shell of the electron cloud

nucleus

central core of the atom, containing protons & neutrons

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; identifies an element

atomic mass number

the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

Periodic Table

the known elements arranged in increasing atomic number

Groups

families of elements arranged vertically on the periodic table

Electron Dot Diagram

A symbol of the element with dots to represent the electrons in the outermost energy level.

isotope

atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number

of neutrons

Ions

elements with a negative or positive charge

Cation

atom with a positive charge (generally metals) "Cats have paws"

Anion

atom with a negative charge; " A negative ion"

Covalent Bonding

when two or more nonmetals share electrons

Polar Covalent Bond

electrons are not shared equally between the two bonded nonmetal atoms

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

the electrons are shared equally between the two nonmetal bonded atoms

Electronegativity

the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself

Electron affinity

love for electrons