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mineral
Naturally occurring inorganic solid with a defined composition.
silicate mineral
Minerals containing silicon and oxygen as primary components.
clay
Fine-grained soil material with plasticity when wet.
ferromagnesian
Minerals rich in iron and magnesium.
rock
Solid aggregate of one or more minerals.
igneous
Rock formed from cooled molten material.
mafic
Igneous rocks rich in magnesium and iron.
felsic
Igneous rocks rich in silica and aluminum.
plutonic
Igneous rocks formed beneath Earth's surface.
volcanic
Igneous rocks formed from lava at Earth's surface.
rock cycle
Continuous process of rock transformation and recycling.
sedimentary
Rocks formed from sediment accumulation and compaction.
weathering
Breakdown of rocks due to environmental factors.
erosion
Removal and transport of surface materials by agents.
clastic
Sedimentary rocks composed of fragments from other rocks.
evaporite
Sedimentary rock formed by evaporation of water.
lithified
Process of turning sediment into solid rock.
metamorphic
Rocks altered by heat, pressure, or chemically.
foliation
Layering in metamorphic rocks due to pressure.