Key Terms in Geology and Rock Types

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19 Terms

1

mineral

Naturally occurring inorganic solid with a defined composition.

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2

silicate mineral

Minerals containing silicon and oxygen as primary components.

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3

clay

Fine-grained soil material with plasticity when wet.

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4

ferromagnesian

Minerals rich in iron and magnesium.

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5

rock

Solid aggregate of one or more minerals.

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6

igneous

Rock formed from cooled molten material.

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7

mafic

Igneous rocks rich in magnesium and iron.

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8

felsic

Igneous rocks rich in silica and aluminum.

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9

plutonic

Igneous rocks formed beneath Earth's surface.

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10

volcanic

Igneous rocks formed from lava at Earth's surface.

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11

rock cycle

Continuous process of rock transformation and recycling.

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12

sedimentary

Rocks formed from sediment accumulation and compaction.

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13

weathering

Breakdown of rocks due to environmental factors.

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14

erosion

Removal and transport of surface materials by agents.

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15

clastic

Sedimentary rocks composed of fragments from other rocks.

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16

evaporite

Sedimentary rock formed by evaporation of water.

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17

lithified

Process of turning sediment into solid rock.

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18

metamorphic

Rocks altered by heat, pressure, or chemically.

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19

foliation

Layering in metamorphic rocks due to pressure.

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