Plant science(Vocab) - Unit 1 grade 10

Node

where new growth occurs - weather thats a leaf, bud - they contain mersimatic tissue

Internode

space between nodes

Bud scale scar

shows where the terminal bud was last year, anything above it is new growth

Axillary Bud/lateral bud

bud thats on the side of a leaf or branch

Terminal/Apical Bud

at the very tip of the plant( a flower can also techinically be terminal or apical)

Pedicel

the stem that is directly attached to the flower, it supports the flower!

Peduncle

stem that connects all the flowers(flower head) to the main stem

Petiole

stem/stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem

stipule

next to the petiole, looks like a flap, or where another node could be

Taproot

central root

Lateral Root

roots that are attached to the primary root on the side

Root Hair

on lateral and primary/tap root - absorb water and nutrients

Root Apex

the very bottom point of the root(tap root)

Root Cap

Apical Meristem

found in the tip of the plant shoot and root responsible for cell division and primary growth

Lateral Meristem

found in the cambuim layer between xylem and phloem - responsible for secondary growth

Meristematic tissue

group of cell dividing cells that are responsible for the plant growth, and they continosly create new cells, that differentiate into roots, stems, leaves, ect..

Adventitious roots

roots that form from non root tissue

Foliar Roots

roots that grow on the upper side of the petiole

Prop roots

a type of adventitous root that grow from a plants stem or branch downard into soil - provide stability

Leaf base

Margin

the outer edge of a leaf

Midrib

central vein

Leaf Apex

top point/shape of leaf

Leaf Blade

where photosyenthisis occurs!

Secondary Vein

smaller veins that come out of mid rib

Compound leaf

several leafets/parts in a single stem

Simple Leaf

Palmate

Dichotomous Key

a tool used for identifying an unknown item or organism by presenting a series of paired, contrasting choices

UUpper epidermis

barrier to protect from water loss same goes for lower

Lower Epidermis

PPalisade Mesophyll

oval shaped - absorb sunlight have chloroplasts in them, photoysnthesis occurs in them

Spongy Mesophyll

circlular - does gas exchange, has air space, turns co2 into oxygen

Stoma

whole in between guard cells, opens and closes to let water in or out as well as some gases

Stomata

plural of stoma - does gas exchange

Guard Cell

open and close stoma

Cuticle

top layer of plant internal prevents water from getting out/in protects leaf

Outer Membrane

outer barrier of cholorplasts - allows gas to pass through

Inner Membrane

acts as a barrier for molecules in and out of stoma

Stroma

in chloroplast fluid surrounding thylakoids - where enzymes and energy are produced during light reactions/calvin cycle

Thylakoid

convert light energy into atp

Granum(grana)

stack of thylakoids

Lumen

inside thylakoid light reactions

H20

water

C6H12o6

product of photosynthesis its glucose

Photorespiration

happens when there is no co2 in photosynthesis, the stoma can take in oxygen instead of co2, which causes the oxygen to create something new, which the plant cannot use, so the plant has to break it down using more energy

plant respiration

the continuous cellular process where plants break down sugars, using oxygen to produce ATP (usable energy), carbon dioxide, and water

Photosynthesis

NADPH

caused by light reactions - high energy molecule

ATP

ENERGY - generated by the light reaction cycle, then is used in the calvin cycle to synthesis glucose

Krebs Cycle

reactions within the mitochondria that break down sugars into energy

Light Reaction

first stage of photosynthesis - light is captured by chloropyhll, which is converted into ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen

Calvin cycle

uses the NADPH and ATP from the light reaction to convert co2 into sugar

GFibrous Roots

Xylem

found in stem - found in guard cell , transports water

Phloem

also found in guard cell - transports sugars

BuBundle Sheath

holds the xylem and phloem

CChloroplast

where photosynthesis occurs - found in mesophyll, guard cell, bundle sheatg…

Chhlorophyll

green pigment - found in chloroplast - absorbs light

Gas Exchange

co2 is taken in and oxygen is released through the stoma/stomata

Oxygen

by product

Water Vapor

boiling from liquid water/transpiration

Water Cycle

evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipation, run off,

Transpiration

absorb water through roots and then release water vapor from stomata/stoma

Carbon Dioxide

plant takes this in

Negative Pressure

Lenticel

pores/ gas exchange on the outside of plants, mostly fruits, black or white

Corn Sweat

Spile

Reverse Osmosis