LABOR AND DELIVERY

2,500 calories

Calories per day intake for pregnant

Ultrasound

Purposes

• To locate the placenta

• To determine the amount of amniotic fluid

• To determine the gender of the baby

• To determine placental grading

Amniocentesis

• to determine fetal lung maturity

• To determine neural tube defects

• To determine chromosomal defects

• Requires accompaniment of ultrasound to locate the placenta and to avoid puncturing the bladder

Placental Grading

Measure the amount of calcium (for fetal bone development) at the back of the placenta

Spina bifida

Most common type of neural tube defect

Meningocele

A birth defect where there is a sac protruding from the spinal column

Myelomeningocele

Defect of the backbone (spine), spinal cord and spinal canal. Most serious from of spina bifida

Lecithin & Sphingomyelin

Substances detected in the amniotic fluid to determine fetal lung maturity

• normal result 2 (lecithin) : 1 (Sphingomyelin)

Labor and delivery

Expulsion of the product of conception

LENGTH OF GESTATION

9 months

35-42 wks

280 days

Oxytocin, estrogen, prostaglandin, fetal cortisol

4 hormones that promote contraction

Lightening

Relaxing/loosening of pelvic joints

Stage of dilatation

• starts with true labor contraction and ends with full dilatation of the cervix

• Considered the longest stage of labor and delivery

• 3 phases: latent, active, transitional

Stage of expulsion

Starts with the full dilatation of the cervix and ends with the delivery of the baby

Stage of placental delivery

Starts with the delivery of the baby and ends with the delivery of the placenta

Stage of recovery

Starts with the delivery of the placenta and ends with the first 2 hrs of post-delivery

Tocolytic drugs

Prevent contraction (pampakapit)

• Duvadilan (most widely

used)

- Dactyl OB

- Yutopar

- Bricanyl/Terbutaline (also

used for asthmatic patients)