Scientific Models and Scientific Method Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms about scientific models and the steps of the scientific method.

Scientific model

A simplified representation of a real-world phenomenon that helps scientists visualize, explain, and make predictions about events that are difficult to observe directly.

Physical model

A tangible, three-dimensional replica (e.g., a globe) used to visualize and manipulate the physical aspects of a phenomenon.

Conceptual model

An abstract diagram or theoretical framework (e.g., a water-cycle diagram) that illustrates relationships among ideas or processes.

Mathematical model

A set of equations or formulas that simulate and predict the behavior of a system using numerical data.

Computer simulation

A computer-based implementation of a mathematical or conceptual model used to analyze complex systems that cannot be easily tested in the real world.

Advantages of scientific models

They simplify complex phenomena, allow visualization, enable predictions, and provide a framework for analysis when direct observation is impossible.

Limitations of scientific models

Models cannot capture every detail of reality and may omit complexities, resulting in approximations rather than perfect replicas.

Model revision

The process of updating a model to incorporate new data or insights, improving its accuracy and usefulness.

Prediction (in modeling)

Using a model to forecast future events or behaviors based on existing data and assumptions.

Visualization (in modeling)

The use of diagrams, physical replicas, or simulations to make abstract or complex concepts easier to understand.

Scientific method

A systematic process for investigation that includes defining a problem, listing materials, outlining procedures, collecting data, and drawing conclusions.

Aim/Problem

The first step of an investigation that states the question or objective the experiment seeks to address.

Materials and Equipment

A detailed list of the tools and supplies required to conduct an experiment, provided to ensure reproducibility.

Method/Procedures

A step-by-step plan describing exactly how the experiment is carried out so others can replicate it.

Results/Data

Recorded observations and measurements, often presented in tables, charts, or graphs.

Conclusion (scientific investigation)

A summary that interprets the results, states whether the aim was achieved, and indicates if the hypothesis was supported.

Data presentation

The organization of experimental results into visual formats such as tables, charts, or graphs for easier analysis.

Accurate measurements

Readings taken with standard units and precise instruments to ensure reliable results.

Reproducibility

The ability of other researchers to repeat an experiment and obtain similar results, made possible by clear methods and material lists.

Globe

A classic example of a physical model representing Earth’s continents and oceans.

Water-cycle diagram

A conceptual model illustrating evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection in Earth’s hydrologic cycle.

Planetary motion simulation

A mathematical or computer model used to predict and visualize the movement of planets in a solar system.

Equations in a model

Mathematical expressions that define relationships among variables to simulate real-world behavior.

Step-by-step plan

Another phrase for the method/procedures section that details each action taken during an experiment.