EXAM 2- part 5

the pericardium is less sensitive to pain than the ___. Pericardial pain due to inflammation of the pericardium is called ___

pleura, pericarditis

to determine if pericarditis, listen for a pericardial friction rub

to distinguish between pleural friction rub, auscultate while the patient _____

if sound stops ___

sound continues____

hold breath

pleural

pericardial

what is the route of a pulmonary embolism

venous system, SVC/IVC, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries

a pulmonary embolism leads to dilation of the ___ and ___ resulting in heart failure

right ventricle, right atrium

each valve of the heart consists of what

orifice, fibrous ring, cusps

the pulmonary valve has 3 cusps, what are they

anterior, left, right

the aortic valve has 3 cups, what are they

posterior, left, right

mitral valve cusps

anterior, posterior

tricuspid valve cusps

anterior, posterior, septal

what produces the lub sound

contraction of ventricles

close tricuspid and mitral valves

what produces dup sound

close pulmonary and aortic

why don't we auscultate claves directly over their position

presence of bone

orientation of heard

acoustics of blood flow

where is the pulmonary valve most audible? aortic? mitral? tricuspid?

P: left 2nd intercostal space

A: right 2nd intercostal space

M: left 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line

T: left 5th intercostal space at sternum

what is the most frequently diseased valve of the heart? second?

mitral, aortic

describe the orientation of the heart

lies obliquely

from base to apex it runs forward, downward, and to the left

what part of the heart lies in left 5th intercostal space and is formed by the left ventricle

apex

the left pulmonary surface of the heat is formed by ___ and the right pulmonary surface is formed by ______

left ventricle, right atrium

the crista terminalis separates the right atrium proper from the

sinus of venae cavae

what represents the embryonic sinus venosus and receives the openings of the SVC, IVC< coronary sinus, and anterior veins of right ventricle

sinus of venae cavae

what is the depression which is the remnant of the foramen ovale

fossa ovalis

in 25% of adults, the foramen ovale persists as a small opening in the superior part of the fossa ovalis, this is known as

arterial septal defect

an atrial septal defect is also called a

probe patent foramen ovale

when an arterial septal defect is present, blood is shunted from the __ atrium to the ___ causing dilation of what

left, right

right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk

what are the openings of the right atrium

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus, anterior veins of right ventricle, right ventricle

what are the 3 papillary muscles of the right ventricle

anterior, posterior, and septal

what movement do chordae tendineae prevent

eversion

what is the name of the upper portion o the right ventricle which ends in the pulmonary trunk

conus arteriosus

what is the name of the muscular ridge which separates the conus arteriosus from the rest of the right ventricle

supraventricular crest

what part of the right ventricle transmits the right bundle branch of the conduction system

septomarginal trabecula/moderator band

what are the papillary muscles of the left ventricle

anterior and posterior

t/f

the aortic vestibule is found in both left and right ventricles

false, only left

t/f

walls of the left ventricle are two to three times as thick as those of the right ventricle

true

what are the 4 parts of the septal wall

interatrial septum, atrioventricular septum, membranous interventricular septum, muscular interventricular septum,

enlargement of the heart due to loss of elasticity of blood vessels in patients with atherosclerosis and/or hypertension thus resulting in requiring more force to push blood through the arteries is known as what

muscular hypertrophy

what are some causes of dilation of a chamber

septal defects and valve incompetency

an incompetent mitral valve would result in ___ of blood from the left ventricle

regurgitation

what do the pulmonary and aortic valves lack that are found in the mitral and tricuspid

chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

semilunar valves ___ with ventricular contraction and atrioventricular valves ___ with ventricular contraction

open, close

what forms the foundation of each of the heart valves

fibrous rings (anuli)

what connects the fibrous rings of the heart together and represents the strongest part of the fibrous skeleton

left and right fibrous trigones

blood pressure is decreased in coronary arteries due to an opening in the ____

aortic sinus

what refers to which coronary artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery

coronary artery dominance

which coronary dominance is present in 70% of individuals

right coronary dominance

what does the right coronary artery usually supply

right atrium and most of right ventricle

diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle

posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum

conduction system to proximal parts

what does the left coronary artery usually supply

left atrium

most of left ventricle

part of right ventricle

anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum

t/f

the left coronary artery always supplies a greater portion of the heart's tissue than the right because it is thicker

true

coronary artery anastomoses occur between what vessels

right coronary and circumflex a

anterior and posterior interventricular a