Unit 3 APWH

• Religions to consider

o Christianity

o Islam

o New Religions (Syncretism)

• Religions of the time will often do

one of two things:

• Supported imperial power

• Challenged imperial power

CHRISTIANITY

IN EUROPE

• Christianity had been the

dominate religion since the 4th

century and had acquired both

power and money

St. Peter's Basilica – new

center of Catholicism

• Indulgences (release of sin)

• Simony (selling of church

offices)

• Popes became more militaristic

and were having children out of

wedlock

Martin Luther – German Monk (teacher)

• Saw nothing in the Bible to support many of the

Church Practices

• Wrote The 95 Theses - denounced many of the

church practices he felt contradicted the Bible

 Church branded him a heretic and excommunicated

Luther from the Catholic Church

 The printing press helped to spread Luther's words and

therefore a bigger threat to the church

Council of Trent

threw out old practices and reaffirmed

some

• The Protestant Reformation had a

lasting effect on Europe

• It solidified a permanent split in

the Christian Church

• Nations and Kings take sides

Shi'a

only Muhammad's blood relatives

(Safavid)

Sunni

– anyone spiritually qualified (Sunni)

Mughal Empire

Muslim control of HinduLand

Bhakti Movement and Sufis–

blending of

Hindu and Islamic faiths to fit the

population better (unit 1 and 2)

Sikhism

another religion that blended

elements of Islam and Hinduismo Belief in one god

o Reincarnation and the Death Cycle

o Discarded the caste system and gender

heirarchies

Legitimize power

refers to the methods the rulers use to communicate to all their subjects who is in charge

Consolidate power

Measures a ruler uses to take power from other groups and claim it for him or herself.

Bureaucracy -

Body of Governments officials responsible for administering the empire and ensures the laws are being kept

I.E: Devishrme system

Ottoman Empire staffed bureaucracy with highly trained individuals.

What did the ottomans do to christian boys?

They enslave them and send to live with Turkish family to learn language and religion.

Religion

Rule by divine rights of kings

Chosen by Jesus himself, to oppose the king was to oppose God Himself. 

human sacrifice

believed the sun god lost energy and could only be reinvigorated through the spilling of scarifies blood. Done with POW’s and gathered whole cities to watch the ritual.

Qing Dynasty art

Portraits reinforced to the Chinese people the Qing Emperors were in charge.

European Art

Reinforced the power of the king and the power of the catholic church.

King Louis architecture

the size of the palace reinforced his power and prestige

The inca Architecture

Inca Rulers believed to be direct decedents of son gods

Palace used for festivals and warships - walls covered in gold and courtyard contained hundreds of golden statues. 

Zamindar system

Used by the Mughal Empire 

citizens had suspicion toward their rulers

how did Mughal ruler combat the citizens suspsions?

They had local landowners collect taxes throughout the empire.

Tax Farming

Power to tax went to highest bidder, they collected taxes for the ruler and a little extra for themselves.

Significant Islam empire

started small but grows rapidly

strategic control of the Dardanelles waterway

Use of gunpowder weapons

captured constanitipole in 1453, renamed instabul

What was the Safavid empire made from

The ashes from the former Mongol Empire

Shia muslim state

The Mughal empire

Replaced the Delhi sultanate

Expands under Akbar the Great

Tolerant of religious belief’s

Mughal became most prosperous empires in the 16th century. 

The Qing Dynasty

Replaced the Ming Dynasty, that had replaced the Yuan Dynasty

Established by another group of outsiders

ming Dynasty

a truly Chinese and expanded with gunpowder.