GEN BIO 1 | Cell Modifications

Cilia and Flagella

whiplike projections of cells

Cilia

short and move in a stiff back and forth motion, placed around cell

Flagella

longer and move in an undulating snakelike fashion, a tail of a cell

Villi

finger-like projection that arises from epithelium of some organs to increase cell surface area

Microvilli

small projections that arise from cells surface to increase cell surface area

Cell wall

extracellular structure of plant cells that provide support to the cell

Primary Wall

provides the strength and flexibility to the cell

Middle Lamella

glues adjacent cells together

Secondary Wall

provides additional strength and protection to the cell

Extracellular Matrix

Only seen in animals, has collagen, proteoglycan, fibronectin, and integrins

Collagen

forms strong fibers outside the cells

Proteoglycan

protein core with carbohydrate chains

Fibronectin

attaches ECM to integrins

Integrins

bind to the ECM on the outside and to attached proteins attached to microfilaments on inside

Plasmodesmata

cell junctions in plants that allow substances to move between plants

Desmosomes

Cell junctions in animals that connect adjacent cell membranes in one spot and connects cells to extracellular matrix

Tight Junctions

Cell junctions in animals that close spaces between animal cells by fusing cell membranes

Gap Junctions

forms channels between animal cells, allowing exchange of substances