Cognitive Strategies and Obstacles in Problem Solving

These flashcards explore key concepts related to cognitive strategies, biases, and obstacles in problem-solving and decision-making.

Availability Heuristic

A cognitive bias where people judge the likelihood of events based on how readily they come to mind.

Overconfidence

The tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.

Belief Perseverance

The phenomenon where individuals cling to their beliefs even after receiving evidence that contradicts them.

Framing

The way an issue is presented, which can influence our decisions and judgments.

Algorithm

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees a solution to a problem.

Heuristic

A simpler, speedier strategy or mental shortcut that is often more error-prone than an algorithm.

Insight

A sudden realization or flash of inspiration that solves a problem without a strategy.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to favor information that confirms our preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

Fixation

An obstacle in problem solving that prevents one from seeing a fresh perspective.

Intuition

An effortless, automatic feeling or thought used instead of systematic reasoning.

Representativeness Heuristic

A cognitive shortcut where people judge the likelihood of events based on their similarity to a prototype.