islam/medieval europe

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66 Terms

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Muhammed

islamic prophet who has revelations from Allah

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Allah

arabic name for "God”

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revelations

Allah talking to somebody

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Islam

Submission to the will of God

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Muslims

those who submit to God

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polytheists, all other religions, merchants

groups Muslims crashed with

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images

Islam doesn’t allow ___ of Allah or Muhammed

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Mecca and Medina

cities Islam had high following in

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Mosque

Muslim church

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names

Because Muslims can’t worship images, they worship ___

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Qur’an

Muslim Holy book; translated to “recitation”; includes concepts from Torah and Christian Bible

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The Five Pillars of Islam

duties that must be practiced by Muslims

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faith

no God but Allah

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Prayer

pray 5 times a day

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Ramadan

the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset

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Almsgiving

help those in need

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Pilgrimage

must go to Makkah atleast once

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Abu Bakr

Leader selected after Muhammed’s death

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“successor to the prophet”

Caliph translation

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Maintain strength of Islam, expand influence of Islam

Goals of a Caliph

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religious; political

Islam became both a _ and _ movement

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caliphate

ll

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Rashidun Caliphate

first caliphate

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Umayyad Caliphate

2nd caliphate; spreads further into Asia, Africa & Europe

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Battle of Karbala and Battle of Tours

Major battles of Umayyad caliphate (list both)

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Battle of Karbala

Islam splinters into two groups, permanently divides islam

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Sunni and Shiite

two groups of Muslims (list both)

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Battle of Tours

Islam spreads to Spain, attempts to go further but faces resistance from Franks, Islam doesn’t spread any further.

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General Charles Martel

Frank general who defeats the Muslims

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Abbasid Caliphate

Overthrows the Umayyad, ruled from Baghdad, Islamic Golden Age

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Baghdad

modern day Iraq

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Islamic Golden Age

Islamic empire becomes world’s intellectual center for science, philosophy, medicine, mathematics

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Renaissance

the revival of art and literature; Begins in Islamic world; moves to Italy

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In between Ancient and Modern times

Why do the Middle Ages have “Middle”?

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Medieval

Latin for Middle Age

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Roman buildings destroyed, top concern was survival

reasons for why the Germanic tribes have little cultural advancement

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Merchants feared sending goods long distance

Reasons why European economy declined

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cities; rural

People left __ to return to ___ areas

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the Franks

which group emerged as the strongest of Germanic tribes

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Charlemagne

Charle Martel’s grandson; conquers majority of Central Europe; crowned “Emperor of the Romans”

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Pope Leo III

who crowned Charlemagne

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Holy Roman Empire

Not Rome, Italy; Catholic church that grew in religious, economic and political power

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Feudalism

system where crops and dues are exchanged for land and protection

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Serfs

European feudal peasants

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Crusades

series of religious wars between European Christian forces and Muslim Turks over control of the Holy Land

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new ideas

Europeans were exposed to __ from the Muslim world

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The Black Death

plague that spread through most of Europe

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unsanitary conditions, crowded space, superstitious beliefs

causes of plague spreading

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fleas

bug spreading the disease

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30-40%

what percent of Europe was killed?

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Venice

major port city with many sailors coming into the city by boat

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trentino

sailors had to stay on their boats for 30 days and show no symptoms

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Quarantino

40 day isolation; romance language root origins

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extreme loss of life, persecution of scapegoats

Negatives of the Black Death

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Jews

People blamed for the plague

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Advancement of medical knowledge, population control, higher wages due to fewer available workers, end of feudalism

Positives of the Black Death

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Increased wealth, inspired by the “Greatness of Rome”

why was Italy the most positively affected in the Renaissance?

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Art and culture re-emerge in Europe

Result of positive effects of Black death and new ideas brought from the Crusades

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Holy Roman Empire

This new power dominated Central Europe during most of the Middle Ages

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Bubonic

type of plague that causes boils on the body

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dark ages

title used to describe the downturn in advancement in Europe’s middle ages

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golden age

The abbasid caliphate is often referred to as the islamic __

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Mecca

central city of Islam

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Tours

site of battle where the Franks stopped Islamic expansion in Europe

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Karbala

Site of battle that permanently split Islam

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