Studied by 23 people
Muhammed
islamic prophet who has revelations from Allah
Allah
arabic name for "God”
revelations
Allah talking to somebody
Islam
Submission to the will of God
Muslims
those who submit to God
polytheists, all other religions, merchants
groups Muslims crashed with
images
Islam doesn’t allow ___ of Allah or Muhammed
Mecca and Medina
cities Islam had high following in
Mosque
Muslim church
names
Because Muslims can’t worship images, they worship ___
Qur’an
Muslim Holy book; translated to “recitation”; includes concepts from Torah and Christian Bible
The Five Pillars of Islam
duties that must be practiced by Muslims
faith
no God but Allah
Prayer
pray 5 times a day
Ramadan
the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset
Almsgiving
help those in need
Pilgrimage
must go to Makkah atleast once
Abu Bakr
Leader selected after Muhammed’s death
“successor to the prophet”
Caliph translation
Maintain strength of Islam, expand influence of Islam
Goals of a Caliph
religious; political
Islam became both a _ and _ movement
caliphate
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Rashidun Caliphate
first caliphate
Umayyad Caliphate
2nd caliphate; spreads further into Asia, Africa & Europe
Battle of Karbala and Battle of Tours
Major battles of Umayyad caliphate (list both)
Battle of Karbala
Islam splinters into two groups, permanently divides islam
Sunni and Shiite
two groups of Muslims (list both)
Battle of Tours
Islam spreads to Spain, attempts to go further but faces resistance from Franks, Islam doesn’t spread any further.
General Charles Martel
Frank general who defeats the Muslims
Abbasid Caliphate
Overthrows the Umayyad, ruled from Baghdad, Islamic Golden Age
Baghdad
modern day Iraq
Islamic Golden Age
Islamic empire becomes world’s intellectual center for science, philosophy, medicine, mathematics
Renaissance
the revival of art and literature; Begins in Islamic world; moves to Italy
In between Ancient and Modern times
Why do the Middle Ages have “Middle”?
Medieval
Latin for Middle Age
Roman buildings destroyed, top concern was survival
reasons for why the Germanic tribes have little cultural advancement
Merchants feared sending goods long distance
Reasons why European economy declined
cities; rural
People left __ to return to ___ areas
the Franks
which group emerged as the strongest of Germanic tribes
Charlemagne
Charle Martel’s grandson; conquers majority of Central Europe; crowned “Emperor of the Romans”
Pope Leo III
who crowned Charlemagne
Holy Roman Empire
Not Rome, Italy; Catholic church that grew in religious, economic and political power
Feudalism
system where crops and dues are exchanged for land and protection
Serfs
European feudal peasants
Crusades
series of religious wars between European Christian forces and Muslim Turks over control of the Holy Land
new ideas
Europeans were exposed to __ from the Muslim world
The Black Death
plague that spread through most of Europe
unsanitary conditions, crowded space, superstitious beliefs
causes of plague spreading
fleas
bug spreading the disease
30-40%
what percent of Europe was killed?
Venice
major port city with many sailors coming into the city by boat
trentino
sailors had to stay on their boats for 30 days and show no symptoms
Quarantino
40 day isolation; romance language root origins
extreme loss of life, persecution of scapegoats
Negatives of the Black Death
Jews
People blamed for the plague
Advancement of medical knowledge, population control, higher wages due to fewer available workers, end of feudalism
Positives of the Black Death
Increased wealth, inspired by the “Greatness of Rome”
why was Italy the most positively affected in the Renaissance?
Art and culture re-emerge in Europe
Result of positive effects of Black death and new ideas brought from the Crusades
Holy Roman Empire
This new power dominated Central Europe during most of the Middle Ages
Bubonic
type of plague that causes boils on the body
dark ages
title used to describe the downturn in advancement in Europe’s middle ages
golden age
The abbasid caliphate is often referred to as the islamic __
Mecca
central city of Islam
Tours
site of battle where the Franks stopped Islamic expansion in Europe
Karbala
Site of battle that permanently split Islam
Note 
Flashcard (30)