islam/medieval europe

Muhammed

Muhammed

islamic prophet who has revelations from Allah

Allah

arabic name for "God”

revelations

Allah talking to somebody

Islam

Submission to the will of God

Muslims

those who submit to God

polytheists, all other religions, merchants

groups Muslims crashed with

images

Islam doesn’t allow ___ of Allah or Muhammed

Mecca and Medina

cities Islam had high following in

Mosque

Muslim church

names

Because Muslims can’t worship images, they worship ___

Qur’an

Muslim Holy book; translated to “recitation”; includes concepts from Torah and Christian Bible

The Five Pillars of Islam

duties that must be practiced by Muslims

faith

no God but Allah

Prayer

pray 5 times a day

Ramadan

the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset

Almsgiving

help those in need

Pilgrimage

must go to Makkah atleast once

Abu Bakr

Leader selected after Muhammed’s death

“successor to the prophet”

Caliph translation

Maintain strength of Islam, expand influence of Islam

Goals of a Caliph

religious; political

Islam became both a _ and _ movement

caliphate

ll

Rashidun Caliphate

first caliphate

Umayyad Caliphate

2nd caliphate; spreads further into Asia, Africa & Europe

Battle of Karbala and Battle of Tours

Major battles of Umayyad caliphate (list both)

Battle of Karbala

Islam splinters into two groups, permanently divides islam

Sunni and Shiite

two groups of Muslims (list both)

Battle of Tours

Islam spreads to Spain, attempts to go further but faces resistance from Franks, Islam doesn’t spread any further.

General Charles Martel

Frank general who defeats the Muslims

Abbasid Caliphate

Overthrows the Umayyad, ruled from Baghdad, Islamic Golden Age

Baghdad

modern day Iraq

Islamic Golden Age

Islamic empire becomes world’s intellectual center for science, philosophy, medicine, mathematics

Renaissance

the revival of art and literature; Begins in Islamic world; moves to Italy

In between Ancient and Modern times

Why do the Middle Ages have “Middle”?

Medieval

Latin for Middle Age

Roman buildings destroyed, top concern was survival

reasons for why the Germanic tribes have little cultural advancement

Merchants feared sending goods long distance

Reasons why European economy declined

cities; rural

People left __ to return to ___ areas

the Franks

which group emerged as the strongest of Germanic tribes

Charlemagne

Charle Martel’s grandson; conquers majority of Central Europe; crowned “Emperor of the Romans”

Pope Leo III

who crowned Charlemagne

Holy Roman Empire

Not Rome, Italy; Catholic church that grew in religious, economic and political power

Feudalism

system where crops and dues are exchanged for land and protection

Serfs

European feudal peasants

Crusades

series of religious wars between European Christian forces and Muslim Turks over control of the Holy Land

new ideas

Europeans were exposed to __ from the Muslim world

The Black Death

plague that spread through most of Europe

unsanitary conditions, crowded space, superstitious beliefs

causes of plague spreading

fleas

bug spreading the disease

30-40%

what percent of Europe was killed?

Venice

major port city with many sailors coming into the city by boat

trentino

sailors had to stay on their boats for 30 days and show no symptoms

Quarantino

40 day isolation; romance language root origins

extreme loss of life, persecution of scapegoats

Negatives of the Black Death

Jews

People blamed for the plague

Advancement of medical knowledge, population control, higher wages due to fewer available workers, end of feudalism

Positives of the Black Death

Increased wealth, inspired by the “Greatness of Rome”

why was Italy the most positively affected in the Renaissance?

Art and culture re-emerge in Europe

Result of positive effects of Black death and new ideas brought from the Crusades

Holy Roman Empire

This new power dominated Central Europe during most of the Middle Ages

Bubonic

type of plague that causes boils on the body

dark ages

title used to describe the downturn in advancement in Europe’s middle ages

golden age

The abbasid caliphate is often referred to as the islamic __

Mecca

central city of Islam

Tours

site of battle where the Franks stopped Islamic expansion in Europe

Karbala

Site of battle that permanently split Islam