Pharm Exam 2: Neuro, Cardiac, and Renal Drugs

Bethanechol

Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) medication that stimulates bladder contraction and is used to treat urinary retention/bladder atony

**Cholinergics mimic acetylcholine

Metoclopramide

Parasympathomimetic, A drug that increases gastrointestinal motility and is used to treat nausea and vomiting.

Edrophonium

A short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.

Neostigmine

An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat myasthenia gravis and to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Helps them pee and poop

Organophosphates

A group of chemicals that inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to increased acetylcholine levels and potential toxicity. Causes SLUDDE patients with pinpoint pupils.

Atropine

An anticholinergic drug used to increase heart rate and reduce salivation during surgery. Will slow GI, dialate pupils for uveitis also

Glycopyrrolate

An anticholinergic medication used to reduce secretions and as a pre-anesthetic agent. Like atropine but lasts longer and usually used in rabbits

2-PAM Pralidoxime

A reactivator of acetylcholinesterase used in cases of organophosphate poisoning.

Epinephrine

A hormone and medication used in emergencies to treat anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest. Vasodilator, dialates bronchioles and increases metabolic rate of glucose.

Phenylephrine

A selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a decongestant and to increase blood pressure.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter and medication used to treat shock and heart failure by improving cardiac output. Will also increase BP, Renal perfusion, and is a precursor to epinephrine and norepinephrine

Dobutamine

A synthetic catecholamine (beta) used to treat heart failure by increasing cardiac contractility.

Albuterol

A bronchodilator (beta agonist)used to relieve bronchospasm in conditions like asthma. Can cause side effects of tachycardia, increased BP, arrhythmia, pulmonary edema, and excitability

Phenylpropanolamine (Proin)

Used to treat urinary incontinence and is a sympathomimentic adrenergic agent.

Phenylpropanolamine

A sympathomimetic used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant.

Acepromazine

A tranquilizer used in veterinary medicine for sedation and pre-anesthetic purposes. Also used in laminitis tx as vasodialtor.

Yohimbine

An alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist used to reverse sedation (xylazine) and treat erectile dysfunction.

Atipamezole aka Antisedan

An alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist used to reverse sedation caused by dexmedetomidine.

Propranolol

A non-selective beta-blocker used to treat hypertension and anxiety. Will reduce BP and CO

Diazepam

A benzodiazepine used for anxiety, muscle spasms, and as an anticonvulsant.

Midazolam

A short-acting benzodiazepine used for sedation and anesthesia.

Xylazine

An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used for sedation and analgesia in veterinary medicine.

Sileo

A formulation of dexmedetomidine used for noise aversion in dogs.

Dormosedan

A sedative used in horses for pre-anesthetic purposes.

Dexdom

A brand name for dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used for sedation.

Zenalpha

A sedative used in veterinary medicine, similar to dexmedetomidine.

Phenobarbital

A barbiturate used as an anticonvulsant and for sedation.

Pentobarbital

A barbiturate used for euthanasia and as a sedative.

Ketamine

An anesthetic agent used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.

Tiletamine/Telazol

A combination anesthetic used in veterinary medicine for sedation and anesthesia.

Morphine

An opioid analgesic used for severe pain management.

Butorphanol

A mixed opioid agonist-antagonist used for pain relief and sedation.

Fentanyl

A potent synthetic opioid used for pain management and anesthesia.

Hydrocodone bitartrate

An opioid used for moderate to severe pain relief.

Etorphine

A potent opioid used primarily in large animal anesthesia.

Diphenoxylate

An opioid used to treat diarrhea.

Apomorphine

A dopamine agonist used to induce vomiting in dogs.

Lomotil

A combination of diphenoxylate and atropine used to treat diarrhea.

Codeine

An opioid used for pain relief and cough suppression.

Buprenorphine

A partial opioid agonist used for pain management and opioid dependence.

Tramadol

A centrally acting analgesic used for moderate pain relief.

Naloxone

An opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose.

Gabapentin (as a seizure drug)

An anticonvulsant used to manage seizures and neuropathic pain.

Keppra/levetiracetam

An anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy.

Zonisamide

An anticonvulsant used for seizure control.

Potassium Bromide

An anticonvulsant used primarily in dogs for seizure management.

Sevoflurane

An inhalant anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of

Isofourane

Fairly stable inhalent anesthetic that is the least soluble and doesn’t reduce HR or CO

Nitrous Oxide

MUST BE GIVEN WITH O2!!! Not a solo anesthetic agent, and is used to help reduce amount of sevo or iso used