Anat 200 - Introduction (NOT MINE)

Import from Quizlet

Gross Anatomy

Structures that can be examined without a microscope

Histology

the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and their organization into organs.

skeletal system

-Supports and protects tissues

-Stores minerals

-Site of blood formation

Muscular System

-Generates locomotion

-Provides support

-Produces heat

The Integumentary System

-Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

-Protects against environmental hazards.

-Helps control body temp.

The Cardiovascular System

-Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases

-Regulates body temp.

lymphatic system

defends against infection and disease; returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream

Nervous System

-Integrates activities of organ systems

-Immediate response to stimuli

-Composed of Brain, Spinal cord and Nerves

The Endocrine System

Long-term regulation of other organ systems via hormone release for example

The Respiratory System

exchanges gases between air and blood

The Digestive System

Processes & absorbs

nutrients

The Urinary System

-Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

-Filters blood

-Eliminates excess H2O, salt, and waste products

The Reproductive System

Reproduce offspring- produce male gametes (sperm) and female gametes (oocytes)

The anatomical position is characterized by:

-Standing Upright

-Head and eyes straight ahead

-Upper limbs at sides away from trunk

-Palms facing forward

-Thumbs point away

-Lower limbs parallel

-Feet flat on the ground, facing forward.

What are Body Planes

Imaginary lines used for reference to help describe the location + direction of bodily structures

What are body sections?

Cuts or sections made along a body plane

plane; sections

\_________ is the imaginary line that cuts the body into \___________

Types of Body Planes (Section\= SCT)

Remember SCT (\= \---Sagittal , Coronal and Traverse Planes

-The first two (SC) are vertical, and the last one (T) is horizontal

Sagittal Plane (Median Plane) --\> S for Side View

-Vertical line

-Side View of Body

-Top to bottom and front to back

-divides body into left and right sections

Sagittal Plane Subsections: The Midsagittal plane

-Divides the body into equal right and left sides

-Runs right down the middle of the body

Sagittal Plane Subsections: The Parasagittal plane

-Divides the body into unequal lift and right sides

-Any sagittal plane off-centre from midline

Coronal plane (frontal plane) --\> F for Front view

-Vertical line

-Gives you a front view!

-Top to bottom and right to left

-Divides the body into a front (anterior) and back (posterior sections)

Transverse plane (Axial Plane) \---\> T for Top View

-Horizontal line

-Top View

-Runs from right to left, front to back

-Divides body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior section)

Oblique Planes

Any plane that is not horizontal and vertical

-Any plane that is not SCT

-Odd angles

Anatomical Directional Terms: Medial (M)

-Toward the midline or Middle of the body

Anatomical Directional Terms: Lateral (L)

Toward the side of the body away from midline

Example: The nose is \_________ to the eyes and the eyes are \________ to the nose

Medial; Lateral

Anatomical Directional Terms: Superior (Cranial)

-Above or Towards the head

-S \= Skull

Anatomical Directional Terms: Inferior (Caudal which means tail)

-Below; away from head

-InFerior \= F for Floor

Example: The eyes are superior to the nose and the nose is superior to the mouth. In the same case, the mouth is inferior to the nose.

Example for Superior and Inferior

Anatomical Directional Terms: Anterior (Ventral)

-Front; toward front of body

Anatomical Directional Terms: Posterior (Dorsal)

-Back; toward back of the body

Anatomical Directional Terms: Proximal

Near the origin and toward the trunk

Anatomical Directional Terms: Distal

Far from origin and away from the trunk

Example: The wrist is proximal to the hand, and the elbow is proximal to the wrist and the shoulder is proximal to the elbow. The elbow is distal to the shoulder as it is further away from the trunk!

Use the Trunk as a reference point

Body Cavities and Membranes: Dorsal Cavity

Cavity located in the back of the body

Body Cavities and Membranes: Ventral Cavity

Cavity located in the front of the body

Viseral layer

Inner layer

pareital layer

Outer layer

Body Cavities and Membranes: Dorsal Cavity (Cranial Cavity division)

Location: Superior dorsal cavity

Enclosed by: Skull/Cranium

Contains: The Brain

Fluid: CSF located in the Subarachnoid Space

Membrane Layers: Meninges (dura (outer), pia (inner), arachnoid (middle)

Body Cavities and Membranes: Dorsal Cavity (Spinal Cavity division)

Location Inferior Dorsal Cavity

Enclosed by: Vertebral column

Houses: Spinal Cord

Fluid: CSF in SA space

Membrane: Same as Cranial

Body Cavities and Membranes: Ventral Cavity (Thoracic Cavity)

Location: Superior Ventral Cavity

Enclosed By: Rib Cage, Vertebral Column, Sternum

Houses: Heart, Lungs, Trachea, Esophagus, Great Vessels

Body Cavities and Membranes: Ventral Cavity (Thoracic Cavity --\> now divided into Pleural Cavity)

Location: Right and Left Thoracic Cavity

Surrounds: The L+R Lungs