Chapter 3 meat and bones terms

cortical bone

hard, dense strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone

aka compact bone

cortex

bark/ shell

cancellous bone

lighter, less strong, bone found in the ends and inner portions of long bone

cancellous

latticework

aka spongybone

ligaments

bands of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another

bone-bone

ligament/o

ligament

tendons

bands of fiberous connective tissue taht connect muscle to bone

muscle- bone

tend/o

tendon

bursa

fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to reduce friction during movement

the synovial fluid acts as lubricant for joint movement

open fracture

bone poking out of theeskin

closed fracture

striaght across

continued- tiny pieces

oblique

twists around the bone

transverse

across/ in half

greenstick

not broken all the way through

injulsion fracture

involves joint

osetomy

cutting into the bone

ostectomy

cutting out a piece of bone

my/o

muscle

kinesiology

study of movement

atlas

C1

below skull

axis

C2

below skull

musculoskeletal system

two systems that work together to support the body and allow movement of the animal

skeletal and muscular system

oste/o

bone

osteocytes

mature osteoblasts

medullary cavity

long bone or inner bone that contains yellow bone marrow

cartilage

type of connective tissue that more elastic than bone

articular cartilage

type of cartilage that covers the surface of the bone

meniscus

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints (canine stifle)

cushions forces applied to the joint

chondr/o

cartilage

joints (articulation)

connections between bones

arthr/o

joint

synarthroses

allow no movementq

amphiarthroses

allow slight movement

diarthroses

allow free movement

suture

jagged line where bones joint and form nonmovable joint

(skull)

symphysis

joint where two bones join and are held firmly together to function as one bone

aka cartilaginious joint

mandibular sumphysis

havles of manidble fuse at a symphysis to form one bone p

pubic symphysis

halves of the pelvis fuse at a symphysis

epiphysis

wide end of a long bone - covered with articular cartilage and composed of cancellous bone

diaphysis

shaft of a long bone composed mainly of compact bone

synovial joint

ball and socket joints

aka enarthrosis

ball and socket joint

allow wide range of movements (shoulder and hip joints)

synovial fluid

acts as a lubricant to make joint movemnt smooth

synovial membrane

bursale and synovial joints have an inner lining that secretes synovial fluid

synovi/o

synovial membrane/ fluid

axial skeleton

framework of the body includes: skull, audirtory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

appendicular skeleton

framework of body consits: extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle

hang off of axial skeleton

append

add or hang

cranium

portion of the skull that encloses the brain

crani/o

skull

zygomatic

forms orbit and cheekbone; projections from temporal and zygomatic bone

maxilla

forms upper jaw

mandible

forms lower jaw

lacrimal

forms medial part of orbit

brachycephalic

dogs with short wide heads

(pugs)

dolichcephalic

dogs with narrow long heads

(grayhounds)

mesocephalic

dogs with average head width

(Labrador retrievers)

aka mesaticephalic

vetrebra

individual bones of the vertebral column

spondyl/o and vertebr/o

vertebra

vertebral body

solid portion ventral to the spinal cord

spinal processq

single projection from the dorsal part of the vertebral area

transnverse process

project laterally from the right and left sides of the vertebral arch

foramen

opening

vertebral foramen

opening in the middle of the vertebral through which the spinal cord passes through

cost/o

ribs

costals

ribs

sternum

(breastbone)

forms the midline ventral portion of the rib cage

3 parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

manubrium

cranial portion of the sternum

body

middle part of sternum

xiphoid process

caudal portion of the sternum

thoracic cavity

(rib cage)

protects heart and lungs

contains: ribs, sternum, and throacic vertebrae

scalpula

(shoulder blade)

large triabgular bone on the side of the thorax

clavical

(collar bone)

slendor bone connects the sternum to the scalpula

olecranon

proximal projection of ulna, forms the point of the elbow

carpal bone

irregular shaped, wrist in people

animals: knee

metacarpals

bones distal to the carpus

meta

beyond

phalanges

bones of the digit

phalanx

one bone of the digit

digits

bones analogous to the human finger

ungulates

animals with hooves

pelvis

(hip)

consists of 3 pairs of bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis

ilium

largest pair and blade shaped

scaroiliac joint

ilium articulates with the sacrum

isschium

caudal pair of bones

pubis

ventral pair of bones that are fused on midline by a cartilaginous joint- pubis symphysis

acetabulum

large socket of the pelvic bone that forms where 3 bones meet

forms ball and socket joint with femur

femur

(thigh bone)

proximal long bone of rear leg

femoral head

head of femur is connected to a narrow area- femoral neck

trocanters

large, flat, broad projectoins on a bone

condyles

rounded projectoins

platella

large sesamoid bone in rear limb

people- kneecap

animal- kneecap(carpus)

stifle joint

joint that houses the platella

popiteal

seseamoid bone in rear limb

caudal surface of the stifle

tarsal bone

ankle in humans

tarsus

ankle in small animals

hock

ankle in large animals

elecronon

bone off the elbow

calcaneus

long lateral tarsal bone loacted proximal row of tarsal bones

(heel bone)

foramen

hole