scientific revolution

who stressed the difference between appearance and reality where appearance is made up of secondary qualities and true reality is made up of primary qualities

Galileo

what does he mean by primary qualities

what he means by primary qualities would be measured by mathematics, examples are size, density, motion, weigh

what does he mean by secondary qualities

resides only in the consciousness, examples would be color, smell, sound, taste, and emotion

who put forth, in his book revolutions of heavily spheres, that the sun, not the earth is at the center of the universe

copernicus

who formulated the three important laws of planetary motion, including the elliptical orbit of the planets around the sun

Kepler

while medieval philosophers worked mostly from reading traditional texts, the early modern scientist and philosophers laid greater stress on what?

Observation and experience to build hypothesis

what is meant by the phrase “empirically demonstrated”

to prove through experience and observation

one of the growing assumptions among scientist and philosophers of the time was the view that the universe and all that it contained is composed of what

material substances (Atoms)

what early British empiricist helped develop the scientific methods still used today

Francis bacon

according to Francis Bacon what is the essence of heat

movement or motion of particles

according to hobbes in the state of nature, people have the right or freedom to do what

whatever is necessary to survive

what is the basic idea of Hobbes social contract

we give up some of our rights of nature for rights of peace, and everyone needs to be able to agree to give up nature rights.