Chapter 7

carotid foramen

opening for carotid artery

jugular foramen

For the jugular vein

foramen magnum

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

occipital condyles

articulate with the atlas (C1) to allow for flexion and extension of the head (head nod motion)

sella turcica

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

ethmoid bone

Helps form the superior portion of the nasal septum

Vomer

forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum. Means plow

What makes up the hard palate?

palatine process of maxilla (80%) and the palatine bones (20%)

Zygomatic bone

forms the cheekbone

Mandible

Largest and strongest bone of the face

maxillae bone

Known as the keystone bone of the face. (Makes contact with every facial bone)

Orbits

They have 7 bones

Fontanels

soft spots on a baby's head

anterior fontanel

the largest fontanel; diamond-shaped; closes at 24 months

posterior fontanel

triangle shape closes at 2 months after birth

(2) anterolateral fontanel

-irregular in shape

-closes 3 months after birth

-there's a right and a left

(2) posterolateral fontanel

Irregular in shape; closes at 12 months after birth; right and left

The hyoid bone is unique because

it is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

What makes up the vertebral column?

24 vertebrae, 26 bones

What are the primary curves?

thoracic and sacral curves

What are the secondary curves?

The lordotic (secondary) curves are cervical and lumbar curves

cervicle vertebrae

Only one that has transverse foramen; allows for passage of the vertebral artery

The atlas

C1 has no body to the vertebrae; holds the head; nodding head yes happens between the occipital and the atlas

Axis

C2 has a peg on it's body; shaking your head no happens between c1 and c2

What are special about the first 7 pairs of ribs?

They are "True ribs", they directly attach to the sternum

false ribs

last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum (including 11-12)

Rib pairs 11-12

floating ribs; protects the kidneys

kyphosis

increased thoracic curve-bent forward (hunch back) from compression fractures

lordosis

Increased lumbar curve (beer belly); due to obesity, pregnancy, beer, etc

Scoliosis

a lateral or side-to-side curvature of the spine; could be hereditary, more common in females (8:1), or posture

The head on the ribs lays on what?

Costal facet on body

The tubercle of the ribs articulates with what?

Attached to costal facet on transverse process