Principles of Emergency Services Safety & Survival FINAL

Chapters 7-12

What can be considered as one of the greatest problems with the advancement of the fire service?

A) lack of available hard data
B) lack of safety policies

C) lack of organizational management

D) lack of health and wellness programs

A) lack of available hard data

Once data are obtained, the information is of little use until it is:

A) entered, computed, and analyzed

B) researched, compiled, and analyzed

C) researched, entered, and analyzed

D) researched, analyzed, and utilized

D) researched, analyzed, and utilized

What does Life Safety Initiative 9 seek to improve?

A) health and wellness programs

B) safety culture

C) the way we learn from line-of-duty deaths, injuries, and near-misses

D) organizational management and leadership

C) the way we learn from line-of-duty deaths, injuries, and near-misses

A legal term used to describe the professional and safe driving attitude of emergency responders as a standard of care is:

A) due diligence

B) due regard

C) due safety

D) due care

B) due regard

What type of research is conducted out of curiosity and leads to no immediate product or treatment?

A) pure

B) applied

C) simple

D) basic

D) basic

Which type of data consists of hard numbers?

A) qualitative

B) applied

C) quantitative

D) basic

C) quantitative

Which type of data accounts for the feelings and opinions of people?

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

C) simple

D) basic

B) qualitative

A prediction of why something occurs or may occur based on scientific evidence is known as a:

A) scientific guess

B) hypotenuse

C) scientific prediction

D) hypothesis

D) hypothesis

A good hypothesis must be ____ and thus supported or disproven

A) explainable

B) understandable

C) relatable

D) testable

D) testable

An interesting fact about a hypothesis is that it cannot be _____, only supported

A) proven

B) predicted

C) understood

D) tested

A) proven

Life Safety Initiative 7 identifies the need for better:

A) safety policies

B) wellness programs

C) research

D) data collection

C) research

A type of research with a finished product or use as a goal is known as:

A) passive research

B) applied research

C) advanced research

D) pure research

B) applied research

Technology is most appropriately used for safety in conjunction with ______ and common sense

A) policies

B) procedures

C) training

D) tactics

C) training

Relying exclusively on technology for our safety can set us up for:

A) success

B) failure

C) achievement

D) operational safety

B) failure

What is the primary reason that technology is flawed?

A) it isn’t tested properly

B) it evolves too quickly

C) it is designed by humans

D) all of these are correct

C) it is designed by humans

It is important for technology to be used in conjunction with proper:

A) policies

B) procedures

C) personal accountability

D) decision making

D) decision making

What type of system allows an emergency vehicle to change traffic signals to green upon approach?

A) Go-ahead traffic system

B) Safe-and-clear system

C) traffic preemption system

D) arrive alive system

C) traffic preemption system

The three different types of thermal imaging technology are vanadium oxide sensors, amorphous silicon sensors, and ______ sensors

A) titanium oxide

B) barium strontium titanate

C) strontium amorphous

D) axillary iodide

B) barium strontium titanate

Which of the following types of technology has the fire service adopted from the military?
A) field trauma treatment

B) protective clothing

C) satellite photography

D) all of these are correct

D) all of these are correct

Unlike needs or trends, statistics do not take ____ into account

A) facts

B) theories

C) opinions

D) observations

C) opinions

A piece of equipment that sends a signal when a predetermined criterion is met is known as a(n):

A) automatic danger alert system

B) personal danger alerting system

C) automatic distress signal unit

D) personal warning device

C) automatic distress signal unit

Vanadium oxide and amorphous silicon are forms of technology found in:

A) personal alert safety systems

B) software-defined radio

C) impact attenuators

D) thermal imaging cameras

D) thermal imaging cameras

Which Life Safety Initiative promotes the importance of utilizing available technology wherever it can produce higher levels of health and safety?

A) Initiative 7

B) Initiative 9

C) Initiative 8

D) Initiative 10

C) Initiative 8

One of the more recent technological crossover applications from the military to the fire service is:

A) heat shielding gear

B) preemptive traffic control

C) satellite tracking systems

D) thermal imaging

D) thermal imaging

Which Life Safety Initiative seeks to thoroughly investigate all fire fighter fatalities, injuries, and near-misses?

A) initiative 6

B) initiative 5

C) initiative 8

D) initiative 9

D) initiative 9

A valuable component of investigations is to search for and identify the actions and ____ that allowed an event to occur

A) mistakes

B) errors

C) thought processes

D) contributing factors

D) contributing factors

What is the primary reason for thorough investigation of all injuries, fatalities, and near-misses?

A) to pursue disciplinary action

B) to reduce the chances of future similar events

C) to determine who may be liable

D) none of these is correct

B) to reduce the chances of future similar events

Tertiary components of an event that may have encouraged an event to occur or worsened the outcome are referred to as:

A) probable causes

B) contributing factors

C) causal factors

D) instigating factors

B) contributing factors

A review of an event in which fact finding provides insight as to the root cause and contributing factors with the intent of preventing future events is called a(n):

A) hypothesis

B) theory

C) investigation

D) accident report

C) investigation

Investigations for fire and emergency services injuries are much more likely to result in changes in policy or procedure than:

A) discipline or lawsuits

B) action or inaction

C) discipline or punishment

D) punishment or fines

A) discipline or lawsuits

If an investigation does not expose root causes with contributing factors it may not ____ the next event

A) prevent

B) predict

C) circumvent

D) control

A) prevent

What is a sure way to undermine an investigation?

A) be open-minded and search for clues

B) use a methodical process when investigating

C) have predetermined views and opinions about the investigation

D) be slow and deliberate while searching for root causes

C) have predetermined views and opinions about the investigation

Who is responsible for introducing a theory linking unsafe acts to fatalities in the workplace?

A) M.H. Goodyear

B) Henry Ford

C) Dwight Eisenhower

D) H.W. Heinrich

D) H.W. Heinrich

Why do some theories suggest that there is no absolute relation between unsafe acts and death?

A) because deaths do not occur for any reason

B) because unsafe acts do not cause death

C) because any unsafe act in itself can result in a death

D) because any death can be prevented with safe acts

C) because any unsafe act in itself can result in a deathThe primary cause o

The primary cause of an event is also known as the:

A) initiating factor

B) root cause
C) catalyst

D) event initiator

B) root cause

What term is used to describe actions by an individual that are performed in a way that could result in an injury?
A) malicious acts

B) careless acts

C) negligent acts

D) unsafe acts

D) unsafe acts

A form of financial assistance used to promote a specific goal is known as a(n):

A) grantor

B) grant

C) expense

D) financial gift

B) grant

What is the term used to describe an individual, organization, or governmental unit receiving a grant?

A) grantor

B) granted

C) grantee

D) grant party

C) grantee

An individual, organization, or governmental unit administering and awarding a grant is referred to as the:

A) grantor

B) granted

C) grantee

D) grant party

A) grantor

What entity has offered the majority of grants to fire departments over the past several years?

A) United States Fire Administration

B) National Fire Academy

C) The federal government

D) National Fire Protection Association

C) The federal government

One of the easiest ways to obtain small grants is through:

A) community organizations

B) local government

C) state government

D) none of these is correct

A) community organizations

How do community groups learn of a fire department need?

A) by word of mouth

B) from news reports

C) by being directly approached by an emergency agency

D) All of these are correct

D) All of these are correct

As of June 2013, which program was responsible for distributing more than $30 million to the fire service?

A) State Farm Insurance Safety Program

B) Fireman’s Fund Heritage Program

C) FM Global Fire Prevention Program
D) National Fallen Firefighter’s Program

B) Fireman’s Fund Heritage Program

Which grant program would most likely provide funding for seat belt compliance or teen driving safety programs?

A) FM Global Fire Prevention Grants

B) Fireman’s Fund Heritage Program

C) National Volunteer Fire Council Grants

D) State Farm Insurance Good Neighbor Citizenship Grants

D) State Farm Insurance Good Neighbor Citizenship Grants

Nonprofit organizations established to fund specific needs or assist in certain geographical areas are called:

A) civic clubs

B) social clubs

C) foundations

D) associations

C) foundations

What type of foundation provides a great resource for grants that will affect a significant number of people?

A) public

B) private

C) nonprofit

D) cost-sharing

B) private

A requirement of some grants that expect the grantee to invest a specific amount of money into the project is referred to as:

A) joint funding

B) mutual funding

C) cost-sharing

D) split budgeting

C) cost-sharing

What is the primary focus of the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA’s) Assistance to Fire Fighters Grant program?

A) fire fighter health and wellness

B) fire fighter life safety

C) safety of the public served by fire fighters

D) both fire fighter life safety and safety of the public served by fire fighters

D) both fire fighter life safety and safety of the public served by fire fighters

Which Life Safety Initiative states, “National standards for emergency response policies and procedures should be developed and championed”?
A) initiative 12

B) initiative 11

C) initiative 10

D) initiative 9

B) initiative 11

An organization that creates rules for a specific industry is referred to as a:

A) standards making organizaiton

B) standards research organization

C) standards enforcing organization

D) standards developing organization

D) standards developing organization

When interpreting policies, procedures, or standards, the word ____ is considered to be a very strong word that gives little room for variance

A) should

B) shall

C) might

D) can

B) shall

When interpreting policies, procedures, or standards, the word ____ provides more leniency and flexibility in decision making

A) should

B) shall

C) might

D) can

A) should

____ are specific clarifications and extensions of the mission statement that illustrate the beliefs of the organization

A) values

B) procedures

C) policies

D) guidelines

C) policies

What is the main difference between policies and procedures?

A) policies explain how something is done; procedures explain why something is done

B) policies explain when something is to be done; procedures explain how something is done

C) policies explain why something is done; procedures explain how something is done

D) policies explain how something is done; procedures explain when something is to be done

C) policies explain why something is done; procedures explain how something is done

How can policies and procedures positively impact the outcome of an incident?

A) by reducing the personnel needed to complete tasks

B) by reducing freelancing activities on scene

C) by ensuring that accountability measures occur on scene

D) by reducing the number of fire-ground decisions that must be made by the Incident Commander

D) by reducing the number of fire-ground decisions that must be made by the Incident Commander

What are the accepted ways to ensure consistency, effectiveness, and professionalism in emergency response organizations?

A) standard operations policies and mission statements

B) standard operating procedures and standard operating guidelines

C) standard operating guidelines and value statements

D) standard operating guidelines and mission statements

B) standard operating procedures and standard operating guidelines

When writing standard operating procedures or guidelines involving safety, it is best to use strong words such as:

A) should and will
B) shall and must

C) can and will

D) must and should

B) shall and must

When writing standard operating procedures or guidelines that involve recommended practices, it is appropriate to use words such as:

A) shall and must

B) should and will
C) may and should

D) can and will

C) may and should

It is important to write standard operating procedures and guidelines using ____ with a common writing style or format

A) departmental codes and symbols

B) military terminology

C) common terminology

D) ten codes and symbols

C) common terminology

What should the first component of a policy or guideline discuss?

A) policy

B) personnel affected

C) procedures

D) purpose

D) purpose

What is the most significant threat of violence to emergency responders?

A) riots

B) bombings

C) terrorism

D) arson

C) terrorism

Which Life Safety Initiative calls for the development of national protocols for response to violent incidents?

A) initiative 9

B) initiative 10

C) initiative 11

D) initiative 12

D) initiative 12

What types of events can trigger a riot?

A) police action

B) court decisions

C) sporting events

D) all of these are correct

D) all of these are correct

It is imperative that a _____ be built into all violent incidents through standard policies and procedures

A) safety culture

B) hazard assessment

C) risk-benefit analysis

D) decision-making matric

C) risk-benefit analysis

Why has terrorism added a new dimension of danger to emergency responders?

A) because terrorist plots tend to be more elaborately planned

B) because terrorism is constantly increasing

C) because responders are unequipped to handle terrorist acts

D) because of the post-traumatic stress associated with terrorism

A) because terrorist plots tend to be more elaborately planned

Which form of violent act is designed to have the most lethal effect on bystanders by containing shrapnel such as nails or bolts?

A) molotov cocktails

B) tear gas

C) bombs

D) dirty bombs

C) bombs

What do terrorists typically use with the intent of killing or injuring as many people as possible with one strike?

A) bombs

B) dirty bombs

C) incendiary devices

D) weapons of mass destruction

D) weapons of mass destruction

Agents used in weapons of mass destruction are categorized as chemical, biological, radiological:

A) nuclear, or explosive

B) incendiary, or explosive

C) hazardous, or nuclear

D) nuclear, or incendiary

A) nuclear, or explosive

Which of the following is an example of a blister agent?

A) chlorine

B) mustard gas

C) phosgene

D) sarin gas

B) mustard gas

Which of the following is an example of a choking agent?

A) chlorine

B) mustard gas

C) lewisite

D) tabun

A) chlorine

Which of the following is considered to be a nerve agent?

A) chlorine

B) mustard gas

C) phosgene

D) sarin gas

D) sarin gas

Which biological agent was distributed via U.S. mail in 2001?

A) smallpox

B) ricin

C) anthrax

D) plague

C) anthrax