blood and lumph

What is the ground substance in blood?

Plasma which is 90% water carries proteins, nutrients, hormones, waste, and fluid

What type of tissue is blood?

Connective tissue

What kind of fibers are found in blood

Fibrin, which is only present during clotting

What type of cells are found in blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells (granular and granular leukocytes) and platelets

Functions of blood

Transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, immune, defense, coagulation, thermal regulation, and homeostasis

Lymph

Plasma that leaks into the tissue space is and collected, and lymphatic capillaries circulate to the lymph nodes, returning to the blood

What is the shape of red blood cells?

By concave disc, which is flexible and has a central pallor

What is the diameter of red blood cell cells?

Around 7.8 UM

Why are red blood cells considered a ruler?

In histology slides, the RBC diameters a reference for estimating relative cell and tissue sizes

What is the blood composition by volume in plasma?

Around 55%

What is the blood composition by volume of RBC’s?

Also known as hematocrit it’s 45%, which is slightly higher in males and slightly lower and females

Blood composition by volume of leukocytes and platelet

Less than one percent

What is the relative abundance of neutrophils

60 to 70%, which is also the most abundant

What is the relative abundance of lymphocytes in the blood?

20 to 30%

What is the relative abundance of monocytes in the blood?

4-8%

what is the relative abundance of snails in the blood?

2 to 4

What is the relative abundance of basophils

Less than one percent

What does leukocytosis

It’s where the blood is greater than 12,000 UL which is indicative of infection inflammation and leukemia.

What is leukopenia?

You’re the white blood cell count is less than 5000 UL and this is indicative of radiation, chemotherapy and viral infections

Be able to identify leukocytes in the smear review slides

Yes

Neutrophils granulocytes and granule content

Auzurophilic, specific, and tertiary

auzuraphilic granules

Lysosomes NPO, which can turn into hydrochloric acid

Specific granules

Enzymes and antibacterial peptides

Tertiary granules

Phosphatases and metalliprotienases

eosinophils granulocytes and granule contents

Specific granules, which is major basic protein, Lucchino paradox, derived neurotoxins (anti-parasite)

Basophils granular sites and granule content

Specific granules are heparin, histamine leporine (allergic response)

myeloperoxidase(MpO) role in respitory burst neutrophils

In azurophillic granules converts H2O2+HCL → hypochloris acid a potent microbial agent

Leukocyte migration into tissue steps

1. adhesion to endothelium

2. extension of pseudopodia through the vessel wall

3. Diapededis (through the endothelia)

4. migration via chemotaxis

Order of leukocyte migration into tissues

Neutrophils arrive first on site and macrophages later

Are neutrophils phagocytes

They ingest bacteria and small particles

Are monocytes/macrophages

Ingest debris, pathogens, and large particles

Roll of platelets

Form plugs at vessel, injuries surface for fiber formation essential for clotting

Roll of plasma,

transports nutrients, waste, hormones, gases, and maintains fluid balance, buffering, and kolla

Roll of lymph

Return interstitial fluid to circulation carries immune cells for lymph cells