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What was the Treaty of Versailles?
A peace treaty in which Germany was forced to sign after WW1
What was the War Guilt Clause?
Germany had to take ALL the blame for the war
What is an armistice?
Ceasefire
Who was the German leader during WW1?
Kaiser Wilhem II
Who was the British leader during WW1?
David Lloyd George
Who was the French leader during WW1?
Georges Clemenceau
Who was the American leader during WW1?
Woodrow Wilson
What were the 3 main terms to the treaty?
Territorial, Military, Financial
Which French territories did Germany return to France?
Alsace and Lorraine
How many colonies did Germany lose to the treaty?
11 colonies
What were mandates?
Territories that were ‘looked after' by other countries until they were able to gain their independence.
How much, in terms of marks, did Germany have to pay for war reparations?
136 billion marks
How many soldiers was the army limited to?
100,000 troops only to be used internally (within Germany)
What else was the German military limited to?
No tanks, No submarines, No air force, only 6 battleships and cruisers, and 12 destroyers and torpedo boats.
What was Article 231?
The War Guilt Clause
What were the politicians that signed the treaty labeled by the German people?
The November Criminals
What was the ‘Stab-in-the-back theory’?
The Germans thought that the politicians/government that signed the treaty were stabbing Germany in the back as they believed they were winning the war (World War 1)
When did WW1 start and when did it end?
1914-18
What does the term abdicate mean?
To resign from power and pass it on.
What major issue did Germany face in 1923?
A great hyperinflation
Who was the first president of the Weimar Republic?
Fredrich Ebert
When did Germany’s first national elections take place? State month AND year.
January 1919
What is the term meant by Proportional representation?
A voting system where seats in a legislature are given based on the percentage of votes each party gets.
What was the period between 1923-29 called?
The Stresemann Era
Who was the era named after?
German politician Gustav Stresemann
How long was Stresemann chancellor for?
4 months
What did Stresemann become after abdicating chancellor?
A foreign secretary for Germany
When did Stresemann introduce a new currency to Germany and what was it called?
Rentenmark - November 1923
What was the value of the Rentenmark based on?
Germany’s industrial and agricultural worth
When was the new independent national bank established and what was it called?
Reichsbank - 1924
What was the name of the currency that replaced the Rentenmark?
Reichsmark
Who did the USA send to Germany to help resolve its economic problems?
Charles Dawes
When was the Dawes plan agreed?
1924
How much did the USA loan to Germany?
800 million marks
How much were the reparations lowered to (for the first 5 years)
1 billion marks
How much would they be increased to after this time?
2.5 billion marks
Over the next 6 years, how many marks in loans did Germany get?
25 billion marks
When was the ‘Wall street crash’?
1929
How much was the total reparations bill reduced to?
8 billion US dollars or 32 billion marks
Over how many years was the reparations bill to be payed off?
59 years
At what rate did Germany pay annually?
437 million US dollars or 1.748 billion marks
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Flashcard (28)