Tissue Membranes/Repair

Tissue Membranes

Is a thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity.

Epithelium

Tissue Membranes mostly consist of ____________ and the connective tissue on which the epithelium rest.

Mucous, serous, and synovial

3 Internal parts of a Tissue Membrane

Skin or Cutaneous membrane

1 External part of a Tissue Membrane

Cutaneous

Composed of stratified squamous epithelium and dense connective tissue

Mucous Membrane

• Line cavities that open to the outside of the body.

• Digestive, respiratory, reproductive tract.

• Consist of epithelial cells, basement membrane and layer of loose connective tissue.

• May contain layer of smooth muscle cells and multicellular mucous gland that secrete mucus.

Serous Membrane

• Line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body.

• Pericardial pleural and peritoneal cavities.

• Consist of three component – a layer of simple squamous epithelium, a basement membrane, and a delicate layer of connective tissue and secrete a fluid called serous fluid which lubricates the surface of the membranes.

• Protect the organs from frictions help hold in place and act as selective permeable barrier to prevent large amount of fluid from accumulating within the serous cavity

Synovial Membrane

• Line the cavities of freely movable joints

• They are made up of only connective tissue and consist of modified connective tissue cells.

• It is either continuous with the dense connective tissue of the joint capsule or separated from the capsule by areolar or adipose tissue.

• It produces synovial fluid which makes the joint very slippery reducing friction and allowing smooth movement of the joint.

Inflammation

Occur when the tissue is damage either through infection or trauma.

Redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of functions

5 Major Symptoms of inflammation

Histamine and prostaglandins

Injury chemical mediators.

Injury chemical mediators

Are released or activated in the injured tissue or nearby blood vessels.

Fibrins

Form the fibrous network that walls off the site of injury that prevent further spread.

Neutrophil

Fights infection by ingestion of the microorganism.

Pus

Mixture of dead neutrophils and other cells and fluid can accumulate and form?

Pain

Is produced when nerve endings are stimulated by direct damage and by chemical mediators to produce pain sensations and by direct pressure in the tissue caused by edema and pus accumulation.

Tissue Repair

• Is the substitution of viable cells for dead cells.

• Can occur by regeneration or by fibrosis depending on the tissue involve and the severity of the injury.

Regeneration

Replacement of new cells that are the same type as those that were destroyed and normal function is usually restored.

Stem cells

Are self-renewing undifferentiated cells that continue to divide throughout life.

Fibrosis

Replacement by a new type of tissue that eventually causes scar production and the loss of some tissue functions.

Few stem cells and Mature neurons

Most predominant type of repair in some tissues such as the brain heart and skeletal muscle due to relatively.