Cjus Exam 4

Study on Courts and Corrections

Parole officers

(These people)________ help offenders adjust back into society and avert any actions that would send them back to prison.

Proportionality

________: Whether the punishment matches the crime and the offender.

Brown v. Plata

________: Supreme Court case ordering for higher standards for the "totality of conditions "within a prison.

Juveniles

________ are the ONLY protected class of offenders and are to be treated differently than adults.

Recidivism

________: The repetition of criminal behavior.

Culpability

________: The level of responsibility assigned to wrongful behavior.

Community Corrections

________: Alternative option to incarceration, has minimum security like in a prison, work- release alternatives to prisoners about to be paroled.

8th Amendment

Prohibits the excessive bail and fines, and infliction of cruel and unusual punishment

Community Corrections

Alternative option to incarceration, has minimum security like in a prison, work-release alternatives to prisoners about to be paroled

Recidivism

The repetition of criminal behavior

Proportionality

Whether the punishment matches the crime and the offender

Culpability

The level of responsibility assigned to wrongful behavior

Brown v. Plata

Brought to the Supreme Court ordering for higher standards for the "totality of conditions" within a prison

offender

If the ________ commits a crime during Parole or Probation the judge can order concurrent or consecutive sentencing.

Gary Gilmore

________ was the first to be killed after the reinstatement of the death penalty.

Restitution

________ can have a fine with sentencing but the money goes to the victim of the crime.

Diversionary Programs

________ were created for first time offenders, like traffic court, family court, drug court.

Prisons

________ can be either federally, state, or privately run.

Rehabilitation

________: Helps the convict to reenter back into society.

Incapacitation

________: Lock up someone to never be near society, uses isolation of the prisoner.

Restoration

________: Focuses on the victim and what makes them feel safe /happy again after the crime.

Proportionality

________: whether the punishment matches the crime and the offender.

Community Service

________: Most times to humiliate the person into not committing the crime again like the trash pick up (speeding tickets)

Social debt

________: what role does that person contribute to society, sentencing will be lighter if they contribute more to society or harsher if they are repeat offender.

Medium security

________ is the most common type of prisons and holds non- high risk offenders.

General Deterrence

________ focuses on making the punishment harsh enough to deter people from committing the crime.

Jail

________: Short term sentencing (Under a year) and temporary holding.

Gregg v. GA

________: Brought back the Death Penalty and suggested the use of a Bifurcated Trial.

House Arrest

________: insures the convict not leave out of a certain radius and paired with electronic monitoring.

Social debt

________: the role does that person contribute to society, sentencing will be lighter if they contribute more to society or harsher if they are repeat offender

Proportionality

________: whether the punishment matches the crime and the offender

Retribution

"Eye for an Eye" mentality and when the State wants to get even for committing a crime

Deterrence

Can be Specific (Individual) or General (Public)

Restoration

Focuses on the victim and what makes them feel safe/happy again after the crime. Involves a mediator.

Rehabilitation

________: type that helps the convict to reenter back into society

Incapacitation

Method that locks someone up to never be near society, uses isolation of the prisoner

Furman v. GA

Case that Supreme Court outlaws the Death Penalty (1970s)

Gregg v. GA

Case that brought back the Death Penalty and suggested the use of a Bifurcated Trial

Community Service

Most times to humiliate the person into not committing the crime again like the trash pick up (speeding tickets)

House Arrest

Offender is placed under _____ to insures the convict not leave out of a certain radius and paired with electronic monitoring

Intensive Probation

Used with most violent and sex offenders; includes curfews, often check ins with probation officer and run on a tight leash

Split Probation

M-F working in the community and spend the weekend in jail, tries to force the person into good behavior

Jail

Short term sentencing (Under a year) and temporary holding

Prison

Long term sentencing ranges from 5 to life

A court system that represents two systems.

What is a dual court system?

Louisiana Supreme Court

What is the highest court in Louisiana?

9 Justices

How many Justices are there in the Supreme Court?

A writ of certiorari

What is the request to get the case heard by the Supreme Court and they mostly focus on constitutional issues.

13 Courts

How many Federal US Courts of Appeals are there?

They make sure that everyone is following the rules of the law. They are the referee of the trial.

What is the main job of the judge?

Nominated by the president and confirmed by the senate.

How are federal judges selected?

The DA

Who is the most powerful person in the courtroom?

8 years

How long do DA's stay in office in Louisiana?

Protect State's Rights

What is the main job of the prosecution?

Protect Client Rights

What is the main job of the defense attorney?

Indigent defender

Who represents those who can't pay for a lawyer

As soon as you are released

How long until can you post bail

28 People

How many people make up a Grand Jury?

Preliminary hearing

What is the mini trial brought to a judge to figure out whether there is enough to bring to trial?

Judge

Who decides how long the person serves for the crime?

Pre-sentence Parol board

Who look at aggravating (constant factor) and mediating (factors caused outside of their control) in the defendant's life?

Social debt

What role does that person contribute to society; sentencing will be light if they contribute more to society or harsher if they're a repeat offender.

District Court

Order of Louisiana Courts from lowest to highest; Lower Courts, ______, 5 Circuit Court of Appeal, and Louisiana Supreme Court.

Louisiana District Courts

Who hears the vast majority of criminal cases in Louisiana?

Louisiana Lower Courts

Lowest court and hears cases only related to city/parish laws.

US Courts of Appeals

Flow of cases in the FEDERAL court system; US District Court, ________, and then the US Supreme Court.

General

Type of Deterrence that makes the punishment harsh enough that most people will not commit crimes.

Specific

Type of Deterrence that looks at the individual that committed a crime and try to stop them from committing the crime again (3 Strike Rule).

Probation

What type of release is considered a privilege?

Parole

Given after 1/3rd of the sentence is served, offender can leave if they've behaved properly in jail. (Also known as early release)

Probation

Releases an inmate into the community for them to serve their punishment in the community. Used with non-violent offenders.

Concurrent

Judge sentences that offender must serve both sentences at the same time

Consecutive

Judge sentences that offender must serve BOTH sentences

Get a job

What is the most important general condition of probation and parole?