U.S. History midterm

Muckraker

Journalists who exposed corruption, bad working conditions, and social problems.

Urbanization

People moving from farms to cities for factory jobs.

Frederick Jackson Turner

Historian who said the frontier shaped American democracy and character.

Industrialization

Growth of factories, machines, and mass production.

New vs. Old Immigration

Old: Western/Northern Europe. New: Southern/Eastern Europe.

Political Machines

Organizations that controlled city politics by trading favors for votes.

Boss Tweed & Tammany Hall

Corrupt NYC political boss and his political machine.

Robber Barons

Wealthy industrialists who used unfair methods to get rich.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Made segregation legal under 'separate but equal.'

Progressives

Reformers who wanted to fix social, political, and economic problems.

Muller v. Oregon

Upheld limits on women's work hours using social science evidence.

Recall

Voters remove an elected official early.

Referendum

People vote directly on a law.

Initiative

People propose a law by petition.

Alice Paul

Led militant women's suffrage movement.

Carrie Chapman Catt

Led moderate suffrage movement.

Teddy Roosevelt

Progressive president, trust-buster.

Square Deal

TR's plan: control trusts, protect consumers, conserve land.

William Howard Taft

Less progressive than TR, broke more trusts but angered reformers.

Woodrow Wilson

Progressive Democrat, later WWI president.

Bull Moose Party

TR's Progressive Party in 1912.

16th Amendment

Income tax.

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators.

18th Amendment

Prohibition.

19th Amendment

Women get the vote.

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned against foreign alliances.

Neutrality

Not taking sides.

Unilateralism

Acting alone, not with alliances.

Monroe Doctrine

Europe stay out of Western Hemisphere.

Louisiana Purchase

U.S. buys land from France.

Imperialism

Strong nations controlling weaker ones.

Protectorate

Local rulers stay, but foreign nation controls them.

Yellow Journalism

Exaggerated news to sell papers.

Platt Amendment

U.S. controls Cuba's foreign policy.

USS Maine

Explosion blamed on Spain, led to war.

Rough Riders

TR's volunteer soldiers.

San Juan Hill

Famous battle in Cuba.

Big Stick Policy

Use diplomacy backed by military.

Dollar Diplomacy

Using money to control nations.

Panama Canal

Shortcut between oceans.

Treaty of Versailles

Punished Germany.

14 Points

Wilson's peace plan.

League of Nations

Peace-keeping group.

Sacco & Vanzetti

Immigrants executed, seen as unfair trial.

Red Scare

Fear of communism.

Quota Acts

Limited immigration.

Stock Market Crash

Stocks collapse.

Black Tuesday

Worst crash day.

Speculation

Risky investing.

Bank Failure

Banks close.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns.

FDR

President during Depression.

New Deal

Programs to help economy.

FDIC

Protects bank deposits.

WPA

Government jobs.

Social Security Act

Pensions and aid.