A&P Unit 2 (Connective)

T or F; connective tissue is vascularized

true

what are the 3 distinct components of connective tissue?

1. ground substance

2. fibers

3. cells

what is the ground substance?

material that holds everything together

fibroblast

manufactures and secrete both fibers and ground substance

wandering cells

move in and out of connective tissue as needed

white blood cells

leukocytes, move into connective tissue during times of infection

the 2 broad categories of connective tissue are:

1. loose connective

2. dense connective

loos connective tissue includes:

• areolar

• adipose

• reticular

areolar tissue

• randomly placed fibers and cells suspended in a thick, translucent ground substance

• not strong, good for packing and supporting

• present in all mucous membranes

areolar make-up

• GS: thick & translucent

• F: elastic, reticular, collagen

• C: fibroblasts

adipose tissue

• “fat”

• highly vascularized

• energy store, thermal insulator, mechanical shock absorber

• 2 types: white & brown

adipose make-up

• GS: thick & translucent

• F: elastic, reticular, collagen

• C: adipocytes

white adipose tissue

basic fat- contains 7 times more sugar than brown adipose

brown adipose tissue

energy storehouse, like for hibernation- 10 times more energy than white adipose

reticular tissue

• resembles areolar tissue

• found in a limited number of sites

reticular make-up

• GS: supportive

• F: reticular

• C: fibroblasts

dense connective tissue includes:

• regular

• irregular

• elastic

regular tissue

• tightly packed fibers

• makes up tendons and ligaments and fascia

• tremendous tensile strength

• avascular

regular make-up

• GS: thick and supportive

• F: collagen

• C: fibroblasts

irregular tissue

• thick bundled of collagen

• forms the tough capsule of joints and fibrous coverings of certain organs

irregular make-up

• GS: thick and supportive

• F: collagen

• C: fibroblasts

elastic tissue

• few regions in the body, between vertebrae

• walls of arteries, stomach, bronchi, bladder, and regions of the heart

• elastic rather than collagenous fibers

elastic make-up

• GS: thick and supportive

• F: elastic with collagen interspersed

• C: fibroblasts

cartilage

tough, specialized tissue made of chondroblasts; the type of cartilage is based on the type of fiber in the matrix

3 types of cartilage found in the matrix

1. hyaline

2. elastic

3. fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage

• densemost common kind in the body

• tough but more flexible than bone

• composes most of the embryonic skeleton

• closely packed collagen fibers

elastic cartilage

• dense bundles of elastic fibers

• tremendous flexibility

• epiglottis and pinnae (external ear)

fibrocartilage

• merged with hyaline and dense connective tissue

• thick bundles of collagen, less chondrocytes

• designed to take compression

• between vertebrae

bone, aka

osseous connective tissue

osteoblasts

bone cells

plasma

liquid component of blood

erythrocytes

red blood cells

thrombocytes

platelets

blood make-up

• GS: plasma

• F: fibrinogen

• C: RBC and WBC

membranes, are used to _________ and __________

cover, protect

4 common types of membranes:

1. mucous

2. serous

3. cutaneous

4. synovial

mucous membranes

mucosae, line organs that have connections to the outside environment

serous membranes

serosae, line the walls and cover the organs that fill closed body cavities

parietal layer

lines and touches the cavity wall

visceral layer

covers and touches the outer surface of the organ

Label blank A and B

A. Parietal

B. Visceral

Effusion

when an abnormally large amount of fluid enters a body cavity

ascites

the presence of an effusion in the peritoneal space of the abdominopelvic cavity

cutaneous membrane

integument (skin), organ that is perpetually exposed to the outside environment

epidermis

outer keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

synovial membranes

lines the cavities of joints, manufacture the synovial fluid that fills the joint spaces

synovial membrane make-up

loose connective tissue and adipose tissue covered by a layer of collagen fibers and fibroblasts