history of Rock Midterm 2

Led Zepplin Band Members

Jimmy Page, Robert Plant, JP Jones, John Bonham

Jimmy Page during late 1960s

Yard birds

Donovan

Electric blues Stylisitic influences on lz

You Shook Me” (LZ I)
◼Muddy Waters (1962), Jeff Beck Group (1968)

Folk Influence on LZ

“Babe Im gonna Leave you” - Joan Baez

Psychadelic influence on LZ

“Whole lotta Love” - Muddy Waters

The first 4 album released date

LZ I - January 12, 1969; LZ II - October 22, 1969; LZ III - October 5, 1970; LZ IV - November 8, 1971.

Led Zepplin IV (Album)

“Stairway to Heaven” was not one of the singles
released from this album
Two singles charted
◼ “Black Dog” (b/w “Misty Mountain Hop”), p15
◼ “Rock and Roll” (b/w “Four Sticks”), p45

Riff raff songs LZ IV

Black Dog (Muddy Waters)

• Riff-driven blues track
  ◼ Perhaps derived from a Muddy Waters song
  Lyrics are sexual, with a hint of mysticism
  ◼ Old dog that hung around studio
  ◼ British legend of the “black dog”
  Big drum sound, rhythmic shifting
  ◼ Band tried to make it difficult to copy

Rock and Roll (50s rock n roll)

Misty Mountain Hop ( electric piano)

Four sticks

Epic songs in LZ IV

Stair way to heaven-
Eight minutes, changes moods
◼ Uses both acoustic and heavy styles
◼ Builds to bombastic ending
◼ Uses aspects of classical music
Lyrics are very philosophical
◼ Hippie mysticism, wisdom of the ancients

Blues songs in LZ IV

When the Levee breaks - memphis Minnie

Folk inspired songs in LZ Iv

Coming to California

• Acoustic number shows folk influence
  ◼ Page uses open tuning, JPJones on mandolin
  ◼ Played in the live acoustic set
  Lyrics seem to be about Joni Mitchell
  ◼ Also about the California scene

The Battle of Evermore

Allman Brother Band Member

Gregg Allman

Duane Allman

Dickie Betts

Butch Trucks

Jaimo

Berry Oakley

Lamar Williams

Chuck Leavell

Early days of the Allman brothers

Escorts

Allman Joys

Hourglass (soul)

Allman brothers records, labels, and business

• Duane at Fame studios

  • Wilson Pickett

  • Aretha Franklin

• Capricorn records

  • Phil Walden

• Tom Dowd (producer)

“Whipping Post” Allman Brother

-Debuted on first album

• introduced 3+3+3+2

• lyrics deal with torment of love

• guitar solo highlights instrumental prowess

“Midnight rider” Allman brother

• Appeared on the second album idlewild South

• Focused more on acoustic sound

• Lyrics deal with “Running to keep from hiding”

• Contrasting Center section emphasizes instrumental playing

Leading to “Eat a Peach”

-The Allman Brothers Band (Nov 1969)

-The Idlewild South (Sept 1970)

-At Fillmore East (July 1971)

-Eat A Peach (February 1972)

Eat a Peach Album

-Released in February 1972

-Produced by Tom dowd, recorded at criterion studio

Duane Track in Eat a Peach

“Ain’t Wastin’ Time No More” (slide only)
❑ Straight-forward rocker
◼ “Stand Back”
❑ Influenced by soul (Hourglass)
◼ “Blue Sky” (w/m by Dickie Betts)
❑ Country twang (RS: “Dead Flowers”)
◼ “Little Martha”
❑ Acoustic duet (LZ: “Black Mountain Side”)

Live Track in Eat a Peach

◼ “Mountain Jam”
❑ Based Donovan tune, “There is a Mountain”
(1967)
❑ Vanilla Fudge, “You Keep Me Hangin’ On” (1967)
◼ “One Way Out”
❑ Cover of Elmore James and Sonny Boy
Williamson II song (1963)
◼ “Trouble No More”
❑ Cover of Muddy Waters song (debut album)

W/O Duane Track in Eat a Peach

“Melissa”
❑ Acoustic, “Midnight Rider,” country influenced
guitar
◼ “Les Brers in A Minor”
❑ Jazz improvisation and textures (Miles Davis,
John Coltrane)
❑ “Santana-like” in second part

Riff Driven songs in Eat a Peach

“Trouble No more” (Muddy Waters)

One Way Out (Sonny boy Williams)

R&B songs in Eat a Peach

“Stand Back”

Country/Western Pop Influence in Eat a Peach

Country and Western
❑ Dickie Betts’ “Blue Sky”
❑ Betts’ guitar fills in “Melissa”
◼ Gregg Allman tunes
❑ Singer-songwriter influences, late Beatles
❑ “Melissa” (“Midnight Rider”)
❑ “Ain’t Wastin’ Time No More”

Psychedelia Influence in Eat a Peach

Music as a trip: it’s not the destination, it’s the
journey
◼ “Les Brers in A Minor”
❑ Jazz improvisation and textures (Miles Davis, John
Coltrane)
❑ “Santana-like” in second part
◼ “Mountain Jam”
❑ Based Donovan tune, “There is a Mountain” (1967)
❑ Expands a simple pop song, Vanilla Fudge, “You Keep Me
Hangin’ On”

Roots of Progressive Rock

Hippie Aesthetic

• The rise of virtuosity

• Serious lyrics dealing with big issue

Beatle’s use of classical music

• eleanor Rigby (chamber strings, lyrics)

• “A Day in the Life”

Early days of Prog

• The Concept Album

  • sgt Pepper, Tommy

• Procal Harum

  • “A white shade of pale

• The MoodyBlues

  • A Day in Future Past

    • Night in white Satin

Early Prog pt 2

• King Crimson

  • In the Court of the Crimson King

  • Robert Fripp and Gregg Lake

• The nice, emerson, Lake and palmer

  • Keith emerson as guitar virtuosity

  • adaptation of classical pieces

  • “5 bridges suites”

• Deep Purple

  • Concerto for group and orchestra

The “Psychedelic-Symphonic” Cover Version

• Take a small song and make it bigger

• Yes covers the Beatles

  • “Every Little Thing”

British Prog Band in 1970

Principal Bands
– King Crimson
– Emerson, Lake & Palmer
– Genesis
– Jethro Tull
– Yes
– Pink Floyd? If not, why not?

Yes: On the Way to Fragile

Yes (did not chart)
– Rec. early 69, rel. July 69
• Time and a Word (uk45)
– Rec. Nov 69-Jan 70, rel. July 70
• The Yes Album (uk4 us40)
– Rec. summer-fall 1970, rel. Feb 71
– “Your Move” (us40)
• Fragile (uk7 us4)
– Rec. Sept 71, rel. Nov 71
– “Roundabout” (us13)

Yes Band Members

Chris Squire

Jon Anderson

Bill Bruford

Peter Bank —> Steve Howe

Tony Kaye —> Rick Wakeman

Fragile

• Released November 1971

• Produced by Eddie Offord

• Album cover by Roger Dean

• contained booklet highlighting each musician

Solo tracks in Fragile

Highlight each member’s virtuosity
◼Steve Howe, “Mood for a Day”
classical/flamenco guitar
◼Rick Wakeman, “Cans and Brahms” adapts
orchestral piece
◼Chris Squire, “The Fish” layers bass guitars
◼Jon Anderson, “We Have Heaven” layers
vocals
◼Bill Bruford, “Five Per Cent For Nothing”

Group Tracks

Tracks tend to be long, with sections that
are arranged in a large formal pattern
◼“Roundabout”
◼“Heart of the Sunrise”
◼“South Side of the Sky”
◼“Long Distance Runaround”
◼Short, but segues into “The Fish”

Jethro Tull

Ian Anderson

Mick Abraham → Martin Barre

Clive Bunker

Glenn Cornick → Jeffrey Hammond

John Evan

On the Way to AquaLung

• This Was

• Stand Up

• Benefit

• Aqualung

Challenges of Traditional Religion in England

• Vatican II

  • changes to liturgy, birth control

• John A.T. Robinson, Honest to God

  • A more “modern” understanding of god

• John Lennon Controversy

  • Beatles bigger than jesus

AquaLung (Album)

• Released March 1971

• All songs written by Ian Anderson (mostly)
  ◼ Songs offer a critique primarily of the Church,
  but also of status quo
  ◼ While highly critical of the Church as an
  institution, Ian Anderson claims to be pro-
  spirituality
  ◼ Album art, based on photos by Jennie
  Anderson, adds extra dimension to the music

Aqualung band songs

• Aqualung (A1)
  ◼ Cross Eyed Mary (A2)
  ◼ Up to Me (A6)
  ◼ Hymn 43 (B2)
  ◼ Locomotive Breath (B4)

Aqualung solo/acoustic song

◼ Cheap Day Return (A3)
◼ Mother Goose (A4)
◼ Wond’ring Aloud (A5)
◼ My God (B1)
◼ Slipstream (B3)
◼ Wind Up (B5)

Side A, “Aqualung”

▪ Aqualung (A1)
▪ Cross Eyed Mary (A2)
▪ Cheap Day Return (A3)
▪ Mother Goose (A4)
▪ Wond’ring Aloud (A5)
▪ Up to Me (A6)

Side B, “My God”

▪ My God (B1)
▪ Hymn 43 (B2)
▪ Slipstream (B3)
▪ Locomotive Breath (B4)
▪ Wind Up (B5)