The First Crusade, c. 1070 — 1100

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World History

Exploration & Colonization

GCSE History

OCR B

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30 Terms

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Pope Urban II
The Pope who initiated the First Crusade in 1095, calling for Western Christians to reclaim the Holy Land.
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Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire, which sought Western aid against the Seljuk Turks.
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Seljuk Turks
A Muslim power that controlled Jerusalem and defeated the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071.
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Indulgence
A grant by the Pope for the forgiveness of sins, offered to those who participated in the Crusade.
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Council of Clermont
The 1095 meeting where Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade.
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Peasants' Crusade
An early, unsuccessful wave of the First Crusade led by Peter the Hermit and Walter Sans-Avoir.
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Princes' Crusade
The main phase of the First Crusade led by European nobles.
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Godfrey of Bouillon
A leading commander in the First Crusade known for his piety and leadership.
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Siege of Jerusalem
The final battle of the First Crusade in 1099, resulting in the capture of Jerusalem.
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Crusader States
Territories established by the Crusaders in the Holy Land.
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Holy Sepulchre
The church in Jerusalem believed to be the site of Jesus' crucifixion and tomb.
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Alexios I Komnenos
Byzantine Emperor who requested Western aid, leading to the First Crusade.
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Battle of Manzikert
The 1071 battle where the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire.
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Council of Piacenza
The council where Byzantine envoys first requested aid from the West.
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Peter the Hermit
A preacher who led the Peasants' Crusade.
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Walter Sans-Avoir
A leader of the Peasants' Crusade.
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Raymond of Toulouse
A wealthy and influential leader in the First Crusade.
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Bohemond of Taranto
A Norman prince and key military leader in the First Crusade.
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Hugh of Vermandois
Brother of the King of France and a leader in the First Crusade.
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Siege of Nicaea
The first major battle of the First Crusade, resulting in a Crusader victory.
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Battle of Dorylaeum
A significant Crusader victory against the Seljuk Turks in 1097.
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Siege of Antioch
A prolonged siege in the First Crusade resulting in the capture of Antioch.
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Holy Lance
A relic discovered during the Siege of Antioch, believed to be a divine sign.
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Kingdom of Jerusalem
One of the Crusader States established after the First Crusade.
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County of Edessa
A Crusader State established after the First Crusade.
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Principality of Antioch
A Crusader State established after the First Crusade.
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County of Tripoli
A Crusader State established after the First Crusade.
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Pilgrimage
A journey to a holy place for religious purposes, a key motivator for Crusaders.
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Penitence
The act of feeling remorse and seeking forgiveness for sins, often through acts such as joining a Crusade.
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Holy Land
The region of the Eastern Mediterranean, including Jerusalem, considered sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.