Cell division

What is the definition of mitosis?

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

How does mitosis differ from meiosis?

Mitosis is asexual and creates exact copies, whereas meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes.

What are the four phases of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to dissipate?

Prophase.

What happens during metaphase of mitosis?

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and attach to the spindle by their centromeres.

What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Spindle fibers contract, pulling the chromosomes apart into their respective chromatids.

What is cytokinesis?

The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, resulting in two daughter cells.

What is the end result of mitosis?

Two identical daughter cells in interphase.

What is meiosis?

A form of cell division that results in gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes.

What does 'crossing over' refer to in meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic information.

How many total cells does meiosis produce?

Four total cells, each with unique characteristics and genetics.

What happens during prophase 1 of meiosis?

Crossing over occurs, centrosomes move to opposite poles, and chromosomes condense.

What is the outcome of meiosis compared to mitosis?

Meiosis produces gametes with unique DNA, while mitosis produces identical daughter cells.

Describe the process of meiosis 2. What resembles mitosis?

Meiosis 2 is similar to mitosis where cells undergo PMAT, resulting in separated chromatids and ultimately four unique cells.