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Tamerlane
Mongol Turkic ruler, invasion of Central Asia and the Middle East
moved out from trading city of Samarkand to make ruthless conquests in Persia
Gutenberg Printing Press
invention followed by an increase in literacy
Samarkand
Modern Day Uzbekistan
Ghazi Ideal (Uzbekistan)
from Eurasian steppes
model for warrior life that blended cooperative values of nomadic culture with willingness to serve as a holy fighter for Islam
Ottoman
largest and most enduring
Region: modern day Turkey, Europe, North Africa, Southeast Asia
Religion: Sunni Islam
Rulers: Mehmed II, Suleiman I
Government: sultans
Osman
this dynasty founded the Ottoman in the 1300s
Mehmed II
the Conqueror
firmly established empire's capital after forces besieged Constantinople in 1453
Constantinople
renamed Istanbul
remained the western end of the overland Silk Roads
in the Ottoman
Istanbul
Capital of the Ottoman Empire; named this after 1453 and the sack of Constantinople.
Suleiman
Ottoman reached it's peak
armies overran Hungary in 1526, and at gates of Vienna in 1529
Turkey
Istanbul/Constantinople is in this country
devshirme
selection system used by Ottoman sultans to staff their military and government and ensure control over large areas.
Janissaries
most famous group of Christian boys, formed elite forces in the Ottoman army
Sunni
Ottoman Empire's religious (stronghold)
Sultans
Ottoman rulers
Sick man of Europe
what the Ottoman Empire was known as in it's decline
Safavid
Religion: Shi'a Islam
Region: Persia/Iran, Iraq
Rulers: Shah Ismail, Shah Abbas
Government: shah
Shah Ismail
early Safavid military hero, conquered most of Persia and pushed into Iraq
only 14 or 15 years old, conquered all of Iran and became shah in 1501
Shah Abbas
Abbas the Great
presided over Safavid Empire at its height
Iran
conquered by shah Ismail at 14/15 years old
northern Azerbaijan region
Shi'a
used by Shah Ismail as a unifying force to build a power base to support his rule and deny legitimacy to Sunni
caused conflicts with the Ottoman Empire
Mughal
under Akbar: one of the richest and best governed states in the world. Good overseas trade during peaceful period, religiously tolerant
Traded: textiles, tropical foods, spices, precious stones
region: India
religion: Hinduism, Sikhism, religiously tolerant
Founder: Babur
Rulers: Akbar, Aurangzeb
Babur
descendant of Tamerlane
founded 300 year dynasty when India was in disarray
conquests in northern India and formed central gov similar to Suleiman in Turkey
grandfather to Akbar
Akbar
Babur's grandson
achieved grand religious and political goals for Mughal
Castes
jatis, strict social groupings designated at birth
Hindu
used Castes in Mughal India
tolerated under Akbar
India
Mughal Empire
caste system was the basis of educational and vocational opportunities for it's society
Taj-Mahal
one of Mughal India's magnificent architectural accomplishments
built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife
Sikhism
provided land grants by Akbar even though a relatively new religion developed from Hinduism and influences by Islamic mysticism (surfism)
Russia
Rulers: Ivan IV, Peter the Great
taken control of by the Romanov Dynasty after Ivan's death
three mains groups had conflicts: The Church, the boyars, and the tsar's royal family
Ivan the IV
ruled 1547-1584
Ivan the Terrible
tsar
set to expand Russian border eastward, expansion relied heavily on gunpowder
Oprichnina
established by Ivan as a paramilitary force to be loyal to him and control the boyars
Boyars
the noble landowning class, stood at top of social pyramid.
Below them were merchants and then peasants.
Serfdom
what peasants were in as a result of sinking more and more in debt.
Serfs were peasants who received a plot of land and protection from a noble.
Peter the Great
Peter I
defeated half sister to gain full control of the throne, and her army. Reorganized Russian government by creating Provinces.
Romanovs
Dynasty took control of Russia after Ivan's death
Under their autocratic control, three main conflicts in Russia occured
St. Petersburg
Russia's own warm-water port on the Baltic
where Peter the Great moved the capital from Moscow to keep watch of the boyars
England
Rulers: William and Mary
Religion: Christianity
Government: Monarchy, English Bill of Rights, Tudors, justices of peace, House of Commons in parliament
Divine Right of Kings
believed in by England's King James, common claim from Middle Ages that the right to rule was given to a king by God
Tudors
relied on justices of peace
increased responsibility for justices of peace
power of feudal lords weakened
Justices of Peace
relied on by Tudors in England, officials selected by the landed gentry to an oath
occupied many seats in the
English Bill of Rights
signed by William and Mary in 1689, assured individual civil liberties
Monarchy
English Bill of Rights protected against it's tyranny
Parliament
checks England's monarch's powers
wrote the English Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary
bill of right's required it's agreement on taxation and raising an army
France
Catholics and Huguenots fought
Where King Henry IV tried to bring religious peace by becoming Catholic and issuing the Edict of Nantes, and then to Revocation resulting in social and economic effects like skilled craftsmen, knowledge, and techniques leaving France
Absolute Monarchy
directed by one source of power, one king with complete authority
intendents
royal officials, bureaucratic elites, sent out to provinces to execute orders of central government
tax farmers
what intendents were sometimes called, oversaw collection of various taxes in support of royal governments
King Louis XIV
"The Sun King", espoused a theory of divine right and was a virtual dictator.
Palace of Versailles
where King Louis kept nobles close to him, making it difficult for them to act independently or plot against him
East Asia
Ming Dynasty followed after Yuan Dynasty, wanting to erase influence from Mongol leaders
Japan
ruled by military leaders called shoguns
Daimyo
conflict between landholding aristocrats, leaving Japan in disarray
Note 
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