APWH Unit 3 Vocab

Tamerlane

Mongol Turkic ruler, invasion of Central Asia and the Middle East

moved out from trading city of Samarkand to make ruthless conquests in Persia

Gutenberg Printing Press

invention followed by an increase in literacy

Samarkand

Modern Day Uzbekistan

Ghazi Ideal (Uzbekistan)

from Eurasian steppes

model for warrior life that blended cooperative values of nomadic culture with willingness to serve as a holy fighter for Islam

Ottoman

largest and most enduring

Region: modern day Turkey, Europe, North Africa, Southeast Asia

Religion: Sunni Islam

Rulers: Mehmed II, Suleiman I

Government: sultans

Osman

this dynasty founded the Ottoman in the 1300s

Mehmed II

the Conqueror

firmly established empire's capital after forces besieged Constantinople in 1453

Constantinople

renamed Istanbul

remained the western end of the overland Silk Roads

in the Ottoman

Istanbul

Capital of the Ottoman Empire; named this after 1453 and the sack of Constantinople.

Suleiman

Ottoman reached it's peak

armies overran Hungary in 1526, and at gates of Vienna in 1529

Turkey

Istanbul/Constantinople is in this country

devshirme

selection system used by Ottoman sultans to staff their military and government and ensure control over large areas.

Janissaries

most famous group of Christian boys, formed elite forces in the Ottoman army

Sunni

Ottoman Empire's religious (stronghold)

Sultans

Ottoman rulers

Sick man of Europe

what the Ottoman Empire was known as in it's decline

Safavid

Religion: Shi'a Islam

Region: Persia/Iran, Iraq

Rulers: Shah Ismail, Shah Abbas

Government: shah

Shah Ismail

early Safavid military hero, conquered most of Persia and pushed into Iraq

only 14 or 15 years old, conquered all of Iran and became shah in 1501

Shah Abbas

Abbas the Great

presided over Safavid Empire at its height

Iran

conquered by shah Ismail at 14/15 years old

northern Azerbaijan region

Shi'a

used by Shah Ismail as a unifying force to build a power base to support his rule and deny legitimacy to Sunni

caused conflicts with the Ottoman Empire

Mughal

under Akbar: one of the richest and best governed states in the world. Good overseas trade during peaceful period, religiously tolerant

Traded: textiles, tropical foods, spices, precious stones

region: India

religion: Hinduism, Sikhism, religiously tolerant

Founder: Babur

Rulers: Akbar, Aurangzeb

Babur

descendant of Tamerlane

founded 300 year dynasty when India was in disarray

conquests in northern India and formed central gov similar to Suleiman in Turkey

grandfather to Akbar

Akbar

Babur's grandson

achieved grand religious and political goals for Mughal

Castes

jatis, strict social groupings designated at birth

Hindu

used Castes in Mughal India

tolerated under Akbar

India

Mughal Empire

caste system was the basis of educational and vocational opportunities for it's society

Taj-Mahal

one of Mughal India's magnificent architectural accomplishments

built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife

Sikhism

provided land grants by Akbar even though a relatively new religion developed from Hinduism and influences by Islamic mysticism (surfism)

Russia

Rulers: Ivan IV, Peter the Great

taken control of by the Romanov Dynasty after Ivan's death

three mains groups had conflicts: The Church, the boyars, and the tsar's royal family

Ivan the IV

ruled 1547-1584

Ivan the Terrible

tsar

set to expand Russian border eastward, expansion relied heavily on gunpowder

Oprichnina

established by Ivan as a paramilitary force to be loyal to him and control the boyars

Boyars

the noble landowning class, stood at top of social pyramid.

Below them were merchants and then peasants.

Serfdom

what peasants were in as a result of sinking more and more in debt.

Serfs were peasants who received a plot of land and protection from a noble.

Peter the Great

Peter I

defeated half sister to gain full control of the throne, and her army. Reorganized Russian government by creating Provinces.

Romanovs

Dynasty took control of Russia after Ivan's death

Under their autocratic control, three main conflicts in Russia occured

St. Petersburg

Russia's own warm-water port on the Baltic

where Peter the Great moved the capital from Moscow to keep watch of the boyars

England

Rulers: William and Mary

Religion: Christianity

Government: Monarchy, English Bill of Rights, Tudors, justices of peace, House of Commons in parliament

Divine Right of Kings

believed in by England's King James, common claim from Middle Ages that the right to rule was given to a king by God

Tudors

relied on justices of peace

increased responsibility for justices of peace

power of feudal lords weakened

Justices of Peace

relied on by Tudors in England, officials selected by the landed gentry to an oath

occupied many seats in the

English Bill of Rights

signed by William and Mary in 1689, assured individual civil liberties

Monarchy

English Bill of Rights protected against it's tyranny

Parliament

checks England's monarch's powers

wrote the English Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary

bill of right's required it's agreement on taxation and raising an army

France

Catholics and Huguenots fought

Where King Henry IV tried to bring religious peace by becoming Catholic and issuing the Edict of Nantes, and then to Revocation resulting in social and economic effects like skilled craftsmen, knowledge, and techniques leaving France

Absolute Monarchy

directed by one source of power, one king with complete authority

intendents

royal officials, bureaucratic elites, sent out to provinces to execute orders of central government

tax farmers

what intendents were sometimes called, oversaw collection of various taxes in support of royal governments

King Louis XIV

"The Sun King", espoused a theory of divine right and was a virtual dictator.

Palace of Versailles

where King Louis kept nobles close to him, making it difficult for them to act independently or plot against him

East Asia

Ming Dynasty followed after Yuan Dynasty, wanting to erase influence from Mongol leaders

Japan

ruled by military leaders called shoguns

Daimyo

conflict between landholding aristocrats, leaving Japan in disarray