Covalent and Ionic Bonds

Flashcards focused on the vocabulary and key concepts related to covalent and ionic bonds as learned in the lecture.

Covalent Bond

The bond formed when atoms share electrons.

Valence Electron

Number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

Octet Rule

Atoms should have 8 valence electrons to be stable.

Duet Rule

Hydrogen should have 2 valence electrons to be stable.

Lewis Dot Structure

A diagram that represents the valence electrons of an atom.

Sigma Bond

A single covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of orbitals.

Pi Bond

A covalent bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.

Ion

An atom or molecule that has a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Monatomic Ion

An ion formed from a single atom.

Polyatomic Ion

An ion made up of more than one atom.

Chemical Bond

A force that holds atoms together.

Binary Ionic Compound

A compound composed of two different elements, one being a metal and the other a non-metal.

Electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge.

Proton

A subatomic particle with a positive charge.

Neutron

A subatomic particle with no charge.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Ionic Compound

A compound formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

How are ionic bonds formed?

By the transfer of valence electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

What is the primary goal of atoms forming covalent bonds?

To achieve a stable electron configuration, typically an octet (8 valence electrons) or a duet (2 for hydrogen).

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a chemical bond.

Polar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond formed between atoms with different electronegativities, resulting in an unequal sharing of electrons and the formation of partial positive (\delta+) and partial negative (\delta-) charges.

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond formed between atoms with similar or identical electronegativities, resulting in an equal sharing of electrons.

Metallic Bond

The electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalized valence electrons in a 'sea' of electrons.