Psyc 351 Exam 2

What type of color blindness results in a univariance problem

Scoptic settings/cone monochromat/red monochromat

The cones is most closley tied to which step of visual processing

detection

The LGN is most closley tied to which step of visual processing

discrimination

The V1 is most closley tied to which step of visual processing

appearance

RGB televisions and computer monitors have red, green, and blue pixels. Why don’t they need to have yellow pixels?

red and green light makes yellow light

what are pieces of evidence for color opponancy

4 unique hues, yellow and blue light cancel each other, red and green light cancel each other, cells that have a center surround have different color sensitivities

Frederick is traveling to a new country. While there, he learns that their language has labels that differentiate two very specific shades of orange. If someone from that country were given a color discrimination task involving shades of orange that either did or did not cross that label boundary, what would you predict their performance would look like?

they would be able to easily identify the different colors, whereas the foreigner would not

Example of color assimilation

perceptual effect where colors bleed into each other, each taking on some of the chromatic quality of the other

one potential explanation for why some people on the internet percieved the dress as blue and black vs white and gold

color constacy- assumed blue light=white and gold, assumed yellow light=blue and black

what wavelength of light would produce no response from an S cone, a moderate response from an M cone, and large response from L cone

Red (550-600nm)

we often perceive bananas as yellow regardless of what color the lighting is. what type of effect is this

color constancy

when your brain is processing color, it often discounts what factor

impact of the illuminant

color vision is best during what type of lighting condition

sunlight

Deuteranope

absense of M cones, green

protanope

abscence of L cones, red

tritanope

abscence of S cones, blue

this heuristic results in both color constancy effects and the perception of depth (depth cue)

aerial perspective/shadow

how does mixing paints differ from mixing lights

mixing light is additive- get white, mixing paint is subtractive- get brown/black

A professor provides a study guide, where he labels all of the key information in green, and all of the irrelevant information in red. However, which type of color-anomalous student would particularly struggle with this study guide format?

protanopia, deuteranopia, rod monochromat, cone monochromat

__ is most closely tied to trichromacy, while ___ is tied most closely to color opponency

detection, discrimination

White light is

-broadband light is the full spectrum

-combination of red blue green light

-combination of blue and yellow light

-0 saturation

-not all white light is equal

what depth cue does not require using size information in the perception of depth

do use- relative size/height, familiar size, linear perspective

why does strabismus impair depth perception?

disrupts binocular vision

what 2 factors does the brain already know that allows it to triangulate distance

the distance between your eyes abd the angle of light on each eye

which of the following statements about panums fusion area is true

has some retinal disparity but small enough that your brain automatically solves it for you and your perception is singular vision

person is fixated on point labeled FB how would they see points A,B,C, or D

A- uncrossed disparity

B- no binocular (retinal) disparity

C- some retinal disparity

D- crossed disparity

___is most closely tied to colors changing in saturation, while ___ is most closely tied to colors changing in brightness

aerial perspective, shadow

which of the following is not used to solve the correspondence problem in depth perception

do help- spatial frequency, uniqueness, continuity

what is the pattern of activity in neurons that code for retinal disparity

linked to different parts of the 2 retinas, has to be retinal disparity for these cells to fire

In the image below [provided on the exam] A and B are triangles that are partially obstructed by a square. However, A and B are at different distances from you. What depth cue would suggest that A is most likely [Further/Closer; I’ll pick one on the exam] to you than B?

closer- relative size

further-height

is an important depth cue that comes into play during head movements or while moving through an environment

motion parallax

what is the difference between objects on the horopter vs objects in panums fusion area that are not on the horopter

objects on the horopter have no retinal disparity whereas ones in panums fusion area will have some disparity

which region of the brain cant have cells that are sensitive to retinal disparity

LGN (anything prior to V1)

which of the following are examples of how color is critical for depth perception

aerial perspective- saturation

shadow- brightness

which depth cue is critical for creating the ponzo illusion

linear perspective

which deptch cue likely requires brain area MT to be effective

motion parallax

how is the lens of the eye tied to depth perception

accomodation

example of sustained attention

staring at a red light waiting for it to turn green, staring at phone waiting for a notif

dr.dulas is attending a conference lecture. however, he also has an important deadline, and so he is trying to finish writing a paper. a colleague looks at him and sees that he is looking at his computer while passively listening to the conference. dr. dulas is applying ___ attention to the paper and ___ attention to the conference speaker

overt, covert

with regards to attention, why does talking on the phone negatively impact driving

divided attention- splitting attention across multiple stimuli

selective attention- focuses on the phone call and less to driving

on a given trial of the posney cuing paradigm, a participant is given a valid cue. however, thins does not impact performance at all relative to no cue. what is one possible explanation of why a valid cue might not impact performance

if its symbolic in 2 facts it wont matter, it was a symbolic cue and needs more time to process, a valid cue might not improve preformance if it is a symbolic cue presented as a short SOA because symbolic cues require time to be interpreted before attention shifts

which of the following is an example of the binding problem in visual attention

a person falsely remembering a blue circle from an array that only had red circles, but had other blue objects

A patient with Balints syndronw is shown the figure below to their left visual field. they report they can only see a single circle, how could you change the picture to allow them to percieve all the objects

connect the two images using a line

which of the following is not a way that the responses of a cell could be changed by attention

are the ways- enhancement, sharper tuning, altered tuning, inhibition

feature search is ___ while conjunction search is ___

fast/automatic/parallel, slow/effortful/serial

looking for your cat baxter, look everywhwre cant find him then you realize hes sleeping on the chair in front of me what phenomenon?

inattentional blindness

how would the zoom lens model suggest your attention might change when you’re looking for a person vs looking for your pen

wide (zoom out) person, narrow (zoom in) pen.

You are conducting a perception experiment with 2 conditions. In condition 1, the task is to find straight lines of ANY orientation. In condition 2, the task is to find lines of exactly 45 degree orientation. You are recording from a V1 cell with orientation selectivity for 45 degree lines. You predict that in Condition 1, attention will cause ___, while in condition 2 attention will cause ______ to the cell.

enhancement, sharper tuning

correct order of posner cuing paradigm

invalid, neutral cue, valid cue

In an RSVP task where participants must detect and C vs. D followed by an P vs. a Q, a researcher finds that for one condition, participants are over 80% accurate. What lag condition(s) must the researcher have used?

lag 1/long lag

when comparing scene perception and feature integration theory , the ___ pathway is most like parallel search and the ___ pathway is most like serial search

nonselective, selective

A researcher runs an experiment where participants fixate on the center of the screen while letters flash in each of the four corners. The research says the neural data showed him participants were covertly attending to the top left and top right quadrants while doing the task. What data would support this claim?

corresponding areas of V1 are more acive

if you are searching for your car keys and you restrict your attention to horizontal surfaces near the front door, your are using

guided search

suppose you are looking at an image of a face superimposed on a house, what would we expect to happen in terms of neural activity if you are attending to the house relative to baseline passive viewing

change blindness, inattentional blindness

figure is rotated 180 degrees what do you predict this patient will perceive at Time 1 and Time 2

hemineglect- neglect for one side travels; attention to their side travels

balints syndrome- rotation doesnt matter, they can only attend to one of the objects

Hemineglect has been shown to be a deficit of conscious attention, not of overall visual perception. What data make it clear that participants are indeed perceiving the neglected side of space, even if they cannot attend to it?

because the patient doesnt realize they didn;t put anything in the left side. they can respond based on the information on the left even if they arent conscious of it

how is V1 important for global motion detection

everything goes to V1 first, V1 likely has local motion detectors

motion adaption is similar to color adaption in what ways

opponent process system,