AP Gov Chapter 2 Vocab

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constitution

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Hippensteel, Block 2

34 Terms

1

constitution

a document that sets out the fundamental principles of governance and establishes the institutions of a government

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2

republic

a government ruled by representatives of the people

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3

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

a governing document that created a union of thirteen sovereign states in which the states, not the union, were supreme.

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4

unicameral

a one-house legislature

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5

Shay’s Rebellion

a popular uprising against the government of Massachusetts

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6

Constitutional Convention

a meeting attended by state delegates in 1787 to fix the Articles of Confederation

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7

writ of habeas corpus

the right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them

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8

bill of attainder

when the legislature declares someone guilty without a trial

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9

ex post facto law

a law punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed a

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10

Virginia plan

a plan of government with a bicameral legislature, where more populous states would have more representation in Congress.

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11

New Jersey Plan

a plan of government that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each state

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12

Grand committee

a committee at the constitutional convention that worked out the compromise on representation

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13

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

an agreement for a plan of government that drew upon both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans; it settled issues of state representation by calling for a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives apportioned proportionately and a Senate apportioned equally.

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14

Bicameral

a two-house legislature

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15

Three-fifths compromise

an agreement reached by delegates at the Constitutional Convention that a slave would count as three-fifths of a person in calculating a state’s representation.

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16

Compromise on importation

Congress could not restrict the slave trade until 1808.

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17

Separation of powers

a design of government that distributes powers across institutions in order to avoid making one branch too powerful on it’s own.

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18

checks and balances

a design of government in which each branch has powers that can prevent the other branches from making policy

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19

federalism

the sharing of power between the national government and the states

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20

legislative branch

the institution responsible for making laws

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21

expressed/enumerated powers

authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the Consitution

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22

necessary and proper (elastic) clause

language in Article I, Section, granting Congress the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.

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23

implied powers

authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed powers; powers not granted specifically to the national government but considered necessary to carry out the enumerated powers.

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24

executive branch

the institution responsible for carrying out laws passed by the legislative branch

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25

judicial branch

the institution responsible for hearing and decided cases through federal courts

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26

supremacy clause

constitutional provision declaring that the Constitution and all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land.

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27

amendment

a constitutional provision for a process by which changes may be made to the Constitution.

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28

federalists

supporter of the proposed Constitution, who called for a strong national government

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29

antifederalists

a person opposed to the proposed Constitution who favored stronger state governments.

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30

federalist papers

a series of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published between 1787 and 1788 that lay out the theory behind the Constitution

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31

federalist no. 51

an essay in which Madison argues that separation of powers and federalism will prevent tryanny

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32

faction

a group of self-interested people

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33

federalist no. 10

an essay in which Madison argues that the dangers of faction can be mitigated by a large republic and Republican government

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34

Brutus no. 1

an antifederalist paper arguing that the country was too large to be governed as a republic and that the Constitution gave too much power to the national government

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