US History II-Test #1--Definitions

Populist Party

Wanted the government to show more concern for farmers and workers...

Social Darwinism

Justified the existence of poverty and the success of big business

Silver Coin

Ideals of Populism:

Unlimited __________ ________ production

Railroads, telephones

Ideals of Populism:

Government ownership of __________ and _________

Land

Ideals of Populism:

Wanted Railroad ____________

Tax

Ideals of Populism:

Graduated Income _______

food

Ideals of Populism:

Government storage for ________ suppliers

Senators

Ideals of Populism:

Direct election of US ______________________

Bimetallism

the use of BOTH gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system

Gold Standard

A monetary system in which the basic unit of currency is defined in terms of a set amount of GOLD

Nativism

____ was popular among Native-born Americans in the 1800s. These people were mostly of European decent.

Robber Barons

Term used to describe business leaders because they were selfish, ruthless, and exploited workers

survival of the fittest

Darwin's Theory of Evolution by natural selection; COMPETITION will ensure the....

Ellis Island

An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy; 17 million European immigrants were processed here

Angel Island

Located in San Francisco Harbor; 1 million Asian immigrants were processed at this immigration center

melting pot

A term often used to characterize the United States, with its history of immigration and mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples.

nativism

favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people

tenements

a mulit-family urban dwelling; usually overcrowded and unsanitary

Muckrakers

Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public

16th

The _________ Amendment: Graduated Income Tax

17th

The _______ Amendment: Direct Election of Senators by the people

recall

Election to 'take back' an elected official if they are not doing an acceptable job

Direct Primary

Election in which voters choose party nominees.

Trustbusting

Fighting monopolies and breaking them up

Tammany Hall

Political machine in New York, headed by Boss Tweed.

big business

The progressives believed that democracy and individual rights were threatened by the growth of...

The Jungle

Book written by Upton Sinclair; exposed unsanitary conditions in meat-packing plants

Bull Moose Party

A name given to the Progressive Party, formed to support Theodore Roosevelt's candidacy for the presidency in 1912.

Americanization movement

Program to teach American culture to immigrants

William McKinley

Republican Candidate in the Election of 1896

Platform: Gold Standard

William Jennings Bryan

Democratic Candidate in the Election of 1896

Platform: Bimetallism and Unlimited Silver Coinage

Populist Party Power

William McKInley won the presidency which ended the ____________________________________________but their voice was heard.

Vertical Integration

A company's taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control ove rthe quality of its product

Andrew Carnegie

Owned all aspects of the steel industry

Sherman Antitrust Act

Passed to try and regulate the power of of big business

--Goal= prevent monopolies, trusts of corportations

--Reality=difficult to enforce

--1890's--Supreme Court did not enforce the antitrust act

John D. Rockefeller

Standard Oil Company

--Created a monopoly using trusts

Haymarket Affair

Chicago, Illinois

A bunch of radicals met there, and there was a bomb blast during a rally.

Seven police officers and many workers were killed and many wounded.

Public opinion was turning on organized labor.

The Homestead Strike

Strike against the Carnegie Steel Company's plant in Pennsylvania. Violent protest and strike that turned deadly.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

New York City

Horrible fire on March 25, 1911

146 women died, and uncovered the horrible working conditions in many factories

Chinese Exclusion Act

Prohibited all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials entering the United States

--forbade Chinese labor migration

--No citizenship to foreign-born Chinese

Gentlemen's Agreement

An agreement by the Government of Japan to limit Japanese emigration to the United States.

Tenements

A multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowded and unsanitary

Jane Addams

Major leader in the movement

--Settlement House--a community center providing assistance to residents, particularly immigrants, in a slum neighborhood

Americanization Movement

Education program designed to help immigrants assimilate to American culture

--English Literacy

--American history and government class

--cooking classes

African-Americans

Many _____________________ from the South moved to the North and West.

The Gilded Age

An era of rapid economic growth

Political Machine

An organized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support.

support

Many political bosses =knew how to deal with the immigrants in order to gain support.

--corruption, graft, bribery

Pendleton Act

Established a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to government jobs by means of the merit system

Progressive Movement

An early 20th century movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life

1. Protect social welfare

2. promote moral improvement

3. creating economic reform

4. fostering efficiency

Robert M. LaFollette

Wisconsin Senator---came up with the "Wisconsin Idea"

Provided a model for reforming local and state government and regulating business.

Meat Inspection Act

Established cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created a federal meat-inspection program

Pure Food and Drug Act

Halted the sale of contaminated foods and drugs and to ensure truth in labeling

148 million acres

Theodore Roosevelt withdrew __________________ of land from private sale

National Reclamation Act

Money from sale of public land use to build irrigation projects---Turned desert into farmland.

Progressive Party

Teddy Roosevelt formed this after he failed to win the Republican Presidential Nomination

Also called "the Bullmoose Party"

Woodrow Wilson

Won the election of 1912